M&J Cactus Wiki - User contributions [en]

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Acanthocalycium ferrarii

2026-04-27T20:07:29Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Acanthocalycium ferrarii
| image = Acanthocalycium_ferrarii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Trichocereinae]]
| genus = [[Acanthocalycium]]
| species = '''A. ferrarii'''
| binomial = Acanthocalycium ferrarii
| binomial_authority = Rausch (1976)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015–2019).
}}

''Acanthocalycium ferrarii'' is a species of cactus in the genus [[Acanthocalycium]], native to northwestern Argentina.

== Description ==
'''Acanthocalycium ferrarii''' is a small to medium-sized cactus, usually solitary, with globose to short cylindrical stems and a green to grey-green epidermis.

* '''Ribs''': 10–15, well defined, slightly tuberculate
* '''Areoles''': Regularly spaced, with short wool when young
* '''Spines''': Numerous, straight; radial and central spines present; colour variable from pale grey to brown
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, subapical; funnel-shaped; white to pink or yellowish; floral tube with spiny scales
* '''Fruits''': Spherical, dry; dehiscent
* '''Seeds''': Dark, papillose

== Distribution ==
Argentina:

* Catamarca
* La Rioja

== Taxonomy ==

* Described by Rausch (1976)
* Accepted as a distinct species in Lodé (2015)

== Synonyms ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* ''Acanthocalycium variiflorum'' — nom. inval.

== Notes ==

* Originally associated with ''Acanthocalycium thionanthum''
* Displays variability in flower coloration

== Cultivation ==

* well-draining mineral substrate
* bright light to full sun
* moderate watering during growth
* dry, cool winter rest

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cereeae]]
[[Category:Trichocereinae]]
[[Category:Acanthocalycium]]

Acanthocalycium ferrarii

2026-04-27T20:06:23Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Acanthocalycium ferrarii
| image = Acanthocalycium ferrarii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Trichocereeae]]
| genus = [[Acanthocalycium]]
| species = '''Acanthocalycium ferrarii'''
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015–2019).
}}

''Acanthocalycium ferrarii'' is a species of cactus in the genus [[Acanthocalycium]], native to northwestern Argentina.

== Description ==
'''Acanthocalycium ferrarii''' is a small to medium-sized cactus, usually growing solitary, with globose to short cylindrical stems. The epidermis is green to slightly grayish-green.

The plant develops 10–15 well-defined ribs with rounded margins. Areoles are regularly spaced and bear numerous radial spines and a few stronger central spines. Spines are straight, varying from pale gray to brownish, becoming darker with age.

Flowers are relatively large compared to the plant body, funnel-shaped, and variable in coloration, ranging from white to pale pink or yellowish tones. The floral tube bears characteristic scales with spines, hairs, and bristles.

Fruits are spherical, dry, and dehiscent. Seeds are small, dark, and papillose.

== Distribution ==
* Argentina – Catamarca, La Rioja

== Taxonomy ==
According to '''Joël Lodé''', this species is recognized as distinct within the genus [[Acanthocalycium]].

== Synonyms ==
* ''[[Acanthocalycium variiflorum]]''
* ''[[Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. variiflorum]]''

== Notes ==
* Originally treated as a variety of ''Acanthocalycium thionanthum''.
* Later elevated to species rank as ''Acanthocalycium ferrarii''.
* Shows variability in flower coloration, reflected in the name ''variiflorum''.

== Cultivation ==
* prefers well-draining mineral substrate
* requires bright light to full sun
* moderate watering during active growth
* keep dry and cool in winter

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Trichocereeae]]
[[Category:Acanthocalycium]]

Acanthocalycium ferrarii

2026-04-27T20:05:07Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Acanthocalycium ferrarii
| image = Acanthocalycium_ferrarii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Trichocereinae]]
| genus = [[Acanthocalycium]]
| species = '''A. ferrarii'''
| binomial = Acanthocalycium ferrarii
| binomial_authority = Rausch (1976)
| synonyms = ''Acanthocalycium variiflorum'' nom. inval.
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015).
}}

== Etymology ==
The species name ''ferrarii'' honors an individual named Ferrari.

== Description ==
'''Acanthocalycium ferrarii''' is a small to medium-sized cactus characterized by variable spination and colorful flowers.

* '''Habit''': Usually solitary; occasionally forming small groups.
* '''Roots''': Fibrous.
* '''Stems''': Globose to short cylindrical; green to grey-green.
* '''Ribs''': 10–20, well defined, slightly tuberculate.
* '''Areoles''': Rounded, with short wool when young.
* '''Spines''': Numerous, straight; variable in length and color.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, subapical; funnel-shaped; pink to violet or reddish.
* '''Floral tube''': Covered with spiny scales.
* '''Pollination''': By insects (mainly bees).
* '''Fruits''': Spherical, hard; dehiscent at maturity.
* '''Seeds''': Dark brown to black, papillose.

== Habitat ==

* rocky slopes
* dry valleys
* shrub vegetation

Altitude range: approximately 500–3000 m.

== Distribution ==
Argentina:

* Catamarca
* La Rioja

== Taxonomy ==

* Described by Rausch (1976)
* Accepted species in Lodé (2015)
* Shows variability within the genus

== Synonyms ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* ''Acanthocalycium variiflorum'' — nom. inval.

== Notes ==

* Notable variability in flower coloration.
* Adapted to arid highland environments.

[[Category:Cactaceae species]]
[[Category:Acanthocalycium]]

Acanthocalycium

2026-04-27T20:00:00Z

Badmin: /* Species */

{{Taxobox
| name = Acanthocalycium
| image = Acanthocalycium_spiniflorum.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Trichocereinae]]
| genus = '''Acanthocalycium'''
| authority = Backeberg (1936)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Arakaki (2003), Bárcenas et al. (2011), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Schlumpberger & Renner (2012).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Acanthocalycium'' means “spiny calyx”, referring to the floral tube covered with spiny scales.

== Description ==
'''Acanthocalycium''' is a genus of mostly solitary cacti with ribbed stems and characteristic spiny floral tubes.

* '''Habit''': Usually solitary; globose to shortly cylindrical; apex often depressed.
* '''Roots''': Fibrous to somewhat thickened.
* '''Stems''': Green to grey-green; compact.
* '''Ribs''': Well-defined, acute, often tuberculate.
* '''Areoles''': Closely spaced along ribs.
* '''Spines''': Straight, acicular to subulate; variable in number and length.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, subapical; funnel-shaped to campanulate; white, pink or red.
* '''Floral tube''': Covered with spiny scales (diagnostic feature).
* '''Pollination''': Mainly by bees and sphingid moths; rarely by hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Spherical, hard; with persistent scales; dehiscent vertically.
* '''Seeds''': Brown to black, papillose; hilum depressed.
* '''Dispersal''': By water (hydrochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in arid to semi-arid mountainous environments:

* rocky slopes and hillsides
* dry valleys
* grasslands and shrublands

Growing in full sun or partial shade among shrubs.

Altitude range: approximately 300–3300 m.

== Distribution ==
Argentina:

* Catamarca
* Córdoba
* La Rioja
* Salta
* San Luis
* Tucumán

== Taxonomy ==
The genus has undergone significant reclassification.

Key points:

* Established by Backeberg (1936) from taxa previously included in ''Echinopsis''
* Often merged into ''Echinopsis'' sensu lato in broader classifications
* Arakaki (2003): supported recognition of the genus
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): confirmed separation of related taxa from ''Echinopsis''
* Schlumpberger & Renner (2012): accepted the genus but noted paraphyly
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): showed distinct phylogenetic placement

The genus is retained as distinct following Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Acanthocalycium ferrarii]]
* [[Acanthocalycium glaucum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium klimpelianum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium spiniflorum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium thionanthum]]

== Notes ==

* Exhibits significant variability in spine morphology and flower coloration.
* Some taxa may represent closely related populations rather than clearly distinct species.
* Shares evolutionary proximity with other genera of Trichocereinae, but remains morphologically distinct.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cereeae]]
[[Category:Trichocereinae]]
[[Category:Acanthocalycium]]

Acanthocalycium

2026-04-27T19:59:12Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Acanthocalycium
| image = Acanthocalycium_spiniflorum.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Trichocereinae]]
| genus = '''Acanthocalycium'''
| authority = Backeberg (1936)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Arakaki (2003), Bárcenas et al. (2011), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Schlumpberger & Renner (2012).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Acanthocalycium'' means “spiny calyx”, referring to the floral tube covered with spiny scales.

== Description ==
'''Acanthocalycium''' is a genus of mostly solitary cacti with ribbed stems and characteristic spiny floral tubes.

* '''Habit''': Usually solitary; globose to shortly cylindrical; apex often depressed.
* '''Roots''': Fibrous to somewhat thickened.
* '''Stems''': Green to grey-green; compact.
* '''Ribs''': Well-defined, acute, often tuberculate.
* '''Areoles''': Closely spaced along ribs.
* '''Spines''': Straight, acicular to subulate; variable in number and length.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, subapical; funnel-shaped to campanulate; white, pink or red.
* '''Floral tube''': Covered with spiny scales (diagnostic feature).
* '''Pollination''': Mainly by bees and sphingid moths; rarely by hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Spherical, hard; with persistent scales; dehiscent vertically.
* '''Seeds''': Brown to black, papillose; hilum depressed.
* '''Dispersal''': By water (hydrochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in arid to semi-arid mountainous environments:

* rocky slopes and hillsides
* dry valleys
* grasslands and shrublands

Growing in full sun or partial shade among shrubs.

Altitude range: approximately 300–3300 m.

== Distribution ==
Argentina:

* Catamarca
* Córdoba
* La Rioja
* Salta
* San Luis
* Tucumán

== Taxonomy ==
The genus has undergone significant reclassification.

Key points:

* Established by Backeberg (1936) from taxa previously included in ''Echinopsis''
* Often merged into ''Echinopsis'' sensu lato in broader classifications
* Arakaki (2003): supported recognition of the genus
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): confirmed separation of related taxa from ''Echinopsis''
* Schlumpberger & Renner (2012): accepted the genus but noted paraphyly
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): showed distinct phylogenetic placement

The genus is retained as distinct following Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Acanthocalycium ferrari]]
* [[Acanthocalycium glaucum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium klimpelianum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium spiniflorum]]
* [[Acanthocalycium thionanthum]]

== Notes ==

* Exhibits significant variability in spine morphology and flower coloration.
* Some taxa may represent closely related populations rather than clearly distinct species.
* Shares evolutionary proximity with other genera of Trichocereinae, but remains morphologically distinct.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cereeae]]
[[Category:Trichocereinae]]
[[Category:Acanthocalycium]]

Aztekium

2026-04-24T08:11:24Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Aztekium
| image = Aztekium_ritterii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Aztekium'''
| authority = Boedeker (1929)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular support from Butterworth et al. (2002), Bárcenas et al. (2011), and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Aztekium'' refers to the resemblance of the rib structure to Aztec sculptures.

== Description ==
'''Aztekium''' is a genus of small, slow-growing cacti with highly specialized rib morphology.

* '''Habit''': Solitary or forming small clumps; compact and slow-growing.
* '''Roots''': Fibrous.
* '''Stems''': Globose, often depressed at the apex; grey-green.
* '''Ribs''': Numerous, strongly wrinkled, with transverse ridges.
* '''Areoles''': Small, often with sparse wool.
* '''Spines''': Weak, short-lived (deciduous), sometimes nearly absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, apical; pinkish-white to magenta; small.
* '''Pollination''': By small insects.
* '''Fruits''': Small, elongated; hidden in apical wool; dry at maturity; irregularly dehiscent.
* '''Seeds''': Brown to black, tuberculate, with a strophiole near the hilum.
* '''Dispersal''': By ants (myrmecochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in highly specialized and localized environments:

* steep slopes and ravines
* weathered shale or gypsum substrates
* xerophytic scrub (matorral)

Some species prefer shaded microhabitats, others grow in full sun on exposed cliffs.

Altitude range: approximately 600–1200 m.

== Distribution ==
Mexico:

* Nuevo León

== Taxonomy ==
The genus is well supported as monophyletic.

Key points:

* Described by Boedeker (1929)
* Historically compared with ''Strombocactus'', but clearly distinct morphologically
* Butterworth et al. (2002): placed ''Aztekium'' in a clade with ''Geohintonia''
* Bárcenas et al. (2011) and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): confirmed monophyly
* No direct phylogenetic relationship with ''Strombocactus''

The genus is retained as distinct following Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Aztekium hintonii]]
* [[Aztekium valdezii]]
* [[Aztekium ritterii]]

== Notes ==

* One of the most localized genera in Cactaceae.
* Exhibits extremely slow growth and high habitat specialization.
* Strongly associated with ''Geohintonia'', with possible evolutionary links.
* Some taxa have been hypothesized to involve hybrid origins, but this remains unresolved.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Aztekium]]

Astrophytum

2026-04-24T08:04:25Z

Badmin: /* Species */

{{Taxobox
| name = Astrophytum
| image = Astrophytum_myriostigma.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Astrophytum'''
| authority = Lemaire (1839)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular support from Cota & Wallace (1996), Bárcenas et al. (2011), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Astrophytum'' means “star plant”, referring to the star-shaped form of several species.

== Description ==
'''Astrophytum''' is a genus of usually solitary cacti with distinctive ribbed or tuberculate bodies and characteristic epidermal trichomes.

* '''Habit''': Solitary; rarely clustering; globose, flattened or short columnar.
* '''Roots''': Thickened, adapted to arid conditions.
* '''Stems''': Green to grey-green, often densely covered with white flaky scales (trichomes).
* '''Ribs''': Well defined (typically 3–8), or replaced by elongated tubercles in some species.
* '''Tubercles''': Present only in ''A. caput-medusae'', elongated and irregular.
* '''Areoles''': Small, often woolly; sometimes bearing spines.
* '''Spines''': Present or absent depending on species.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, apical, funnel-shaped; yellow, often with red or orange centre; self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': By bees.
* '''Fruits''': Globose, scaly; dehiscent at maturity.
* '''Seeds''': Brown, helmet-shaped; relatively light.
* '''Dispersal''': By water (hydrochory) or ants (myrmecochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in arid to semi-arid environments:

* desert scrub (matorral)
* rocky slopes and limestone outcrops
* gravelly and clay alluvial soils
* dry lake beds and ravines

Often growing among grasses and shrubs, sometimes partially shaded.

Altitude range: approximately 100–2000 m.

== Distribution ==
North America:

* '''Mexico''': Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
* '''United States''': Texas

== Taxonomy ==
The genus is well supported as monophyletic.

Key points:

* Described by Lemaire (1839)
* Closely related to ''Echinocactus'' (excluding ''E. grusonii'')
* Cota & Wallace (1996): phylogenetic proximity to ''Echinocactus''
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): confirmed monophyly
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): supported a distinct clade
* Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013): confirmed inclusion of ''A. caput-medusae''

The previously proposed genus ''Digitostigma'' is included within ''Astrophytum''.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Astrophytum asterias]]
* [[Astrophytum capricorne]]
* [[Astrophytum caput-medusae]]
* [[Astrophytum coahuilense]]
* [[Astrophytum myriostigma]]
** [[Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. potosinum]]
** [[Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tulense]]
* [[Astrophytum ornatum]]

== Notes ==

* One of the most recognizable cactus genera due to its star-shaped morphology.
* Highly variable, with numerous described forms, varieties and hybrids.
* ''Astrophytum caput-medusae'' represents an extreme morphological deviation within the genus.
* Adapted to environments with irregular rainfall and high temperature fluctuations.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Astrophytum]]

Ariocarpus

2026-04-24T08:03:58Z

Badmin: /* Species */

{{Taxobox
| name = Ariocarpus
| image = Ariocarpus_fissuratus.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Ariocarpus'''
| authority = Scheidweiler (1838)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular support from Bárcenas et al. (2011) and Butterworth et al. (2002).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Ariocarpus'' means “fruit of Aria”, referring to the resemblance of its fruits to those of ''Aria'', an ancient Greek name for the cork oak.

== Description ==
'''Ariocarpus''' is a genus of highly specialized, geophytic cacti with remarkable mimicry and reduced morphology.

* '''Habit''': Solitary or forming small clumps; strongly geophytic, often mostly buried.
* '''Roots''': Large, fleshy taproot adapted for water storage.
* '''Stems''': Flattened to low-domed; surface often rough, fissured or tuberculate.
* '''Ribs''': Absent.
* '''Tubercles''': Large, triangular to polygonal, arranged in geometric rosettes.
* '''Areoles''': Apical, strongly woolly, often forming a central woolly crown.
* '''Spines''': Absent (rarely vestigial in seedlings).
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, funnel-shaped; white, yellow, pink to magenta; self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': By insects.
* '''Fruits''': Naked, fleshy; white to pink; drying at maturity.
* '''Seeds''': Black, tuberculate, pear-shaped (pyriform).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in arid and semi-arid environments:

* desert scrub (matorral, chaparral)
* limestone hills and terraces
* rocky slopes and crevices
* alluvial plains (clay, marl, sand, gravel)

Substrates are typically alkaline (pH 7–8), often limestone or shale.

Altitude range: approximately 50–2200 m.

== Distribution ==
North America:

* '''Mexico''': Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
* '''United States''': Texas

== Taxonomy ==
The genus is well defined and monophyletic.

Key points:

* Described by Scheidweiler (1838)
* Includes former genera ''Neogomesia'' and ''Roseocactus''
* Anderson (2001): recognized fewer species (broad concept)
* Hunt (1992): orthographic correction to ''scaphirostris''
* Butterworth et al. (2002): proposed ATEP clade (weak support)
* Crozier (2005): ATES clade (better supported)
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): confirmed monophyly of ''Ariocarpus''

The genus is evolutionarily distinct within tribe Cacteae.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Ariocarpus agavoides]]
* [[Ariocarpus bravoanus]]
** [[Ariocarpus bravoanus subsp. hintonii]]
* [[Ariocarpus fissuratus]]
* [[Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus]]
* [[Ariocarpus retusus]]
* [[Ariocarpus scaphirostris]]
* [[Ariocarpus trigonus]]

== Notes ==

* One of the most morphologically reduced genera in Cactaceae.
* Highly cryptic and mimetic — often indistinguishable from surrounding rocks.
* Lacks spines but compensates with chemical defenses (alkaloids).
* Among the slowest-growing cacti.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Ariocarpus]]

Astrophytum

2026-04-24T08:01:59Z

Badmin: /* Species */

Astrophytum

2026-04-24T08:01:21Z

Badmin: /* Species */

{{Taxobox
| name = Astrophytum
| image = Astrophytum_myriostigma.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Astrophytum'''
| authority = Lemaire (1839)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular support from Cota & Wallace (1996), Bárcenas et al. (2011), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Astrophytum'' means “star plant”, referring to the star-shaped form of several species.

== Description ==
'''Astrophytum''' is a genus of usually solitary cacti with distinctive ribbed or tuberculate bodies and characteristic epidermal trichomes.

* '''Habit''': Solitary; rarely clustering; globose, flattened or short columnar.
* '''Roots''': Thickened, adapted to arid conditions.
* '''Stems''': Green to grey-green, often densely covered with white flaky scales (trichomes).
* '''Ribs''': Well defined (typically 3–8), or replaced by elongated tubercles in some species.
* '''Tubercles''': Present only in ''A. caput-medusae'', elongated and irregular.
* '''Areoles''': Small, often woolly; sometimes bearing spines.
* '''Spines''': Present or absent depending on species.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, apical, funnel-shaped; yellow, often with red or orange centre; self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': By bees.
* '''Fruits''': Globose, scaly; dehiscent at maturity.
* '''Seeds''': Brown, helmet-shaped; relatively light.
* '''Dispersal''': By water (hydrochory) or ants (myrmecochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in arid to semi-arid environments:

* desert scrub (matorral)
* rocky slopes and limestone outcrops
* gravelly and clay alluvial soils
* dry lake beds and ravines

Often growing among grasses and shrubs, sometimes partially shaded.

Altitude range: approximately 100–2000 m.

== Distribution ==
North America:

* '''Mexico''': Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
* '''United States''': Texas

== Taxonomy ==
The genus is well supported as monophyletic.

Key points:

* Described by Lemaire (1839)
* Closely related to ''Echinocactus'' (excluding ''E. grusonii'')
* Cota & Wallace (1996): phylogenetic proximity to ''Echinocactus''
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): confirmed monophyly
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): supported a distinct clade
* Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013): confirmed inclusion of ''A. caput-medusae''

The previously proposed genus ''Digitostigma'' is included within ''Astrophytum''.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Astrophytum asterias]]
* [[Astrophytum capricorne]]
* [[Astrophytum caput-medusae]]
* [[Astrophytum coahuilense]]
* [[Astrophytum myriostigma]]
* [[Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. potosinum]]
* [[Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tulense]]
* [[Astrophytum ornatum]]

== Notes ==

* One of the most recognizable cactus genera due to its star-shaped morphology.
* Highly variable, with numerous described forms, varieties and hybrids.
* ''Astrophytum caput-medusae'' represents an extreme morphological deviation within the genus.
* Adapted to environments with irregular rainfall and high temperature fluctuations.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Astrophytum]]

Astrophytum

2026-04-24T07:59:11Z

Badmin:

Consolea

2026-04-24T07:41:03Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Consolea
| image = Consolea_spinosissima.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Opuntioideae]]
| tribe = [[Opuntieae]]
| genus = '''Consolea'''
| authority = Lemaire (1862)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Negrón-Ortiz (2007), Griffith & Porter (2009), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Majure et al. (2012).
}}

== Etymology ==
The genus ''Consolea'' honors Michelangelo Console (1812–1897), Italian botanist and curator of the Botanical Garden of Palermo, specialized in cacti.

== Description ==
'''Consolea''' is a genus of arborescent cacti with complex branching architecture and variable spination.

* '''Habit''': Tree-like, with one or several cylindrical trunks; branching lateral or terminal.
* '''Trunks''': Strongly spiny, woody with age.
* '''Cladodes''': Suborbicular to elongated or ellipsoid; margins often curved; surface smooth or reticulate.
* '''Areoles''': Bearing hairs, glochids, and spines.
* '''Spines''': Highly variable; sometimes reduced or absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, relatively small; yellow, orange to red; self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': Primarily by ants (e.g. ''Crematogaster ashmeadi''), also bees and possibly hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Oblong, fleshy.
* '''Seeds''': Straw-colored, strongly laterally compressed, with funicular envelope densely covered in trichomes.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in tropical coastal and dry forest environments:

* dry forests and scrublands
* coastal zones and rocky outcrops
* near mangroves and seaside habitats

Altitude range: sea level to approximately 50 m.

== Distribution ==
Caribbean and adjacent regions:

* Bahamas
* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Puerto Rico
* Dominican Republic
* United States (Florida)

== Taxonomy ==
The genus shows a complex evolutionary history involving hybridization.

Key points:

* Described by Lemaire (1862)
* Often placed within or near ''Opuntia'' sensu stricto
* High levels of polyploidy (Negrón-Ortiz, 2007)
* Evidence of reticulate evolution (Griffith, 2005)
* Nuclear and chloroplast DNA give conflicting phylogenetic signals
* Nyffeler & Eggli (2010): suggested inclusion within ''Opuntia''
* Majure et al. (2012): confirmed ''Consolea'' as monophyletic and distinct

The genus is therefore retained as separate following Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Consolea corallicola]]
* [[Consolea falcata]]
* [[Consolea macracantha]]
* [[Consolea millspaughii]]
** [[Consolea millspaughii subsp. caymanensis]]
* [[Consolea moniliformis]]
** [[Consolea moniliformis subsp. guantanamana]]
* [[Consolea nashii]]
** [[Consolea nashii subsp. gibarensis]]
* [[Consolea picardae]]
* [[Consolea rubescens]]
* [[Consolea spinosissima]]

== Notes ==

* A predominantly Caribbean lineage with strong ecological specialization.
* High polyploidy levels likely contributed to diversification.
* Displays reticulate evolution, explaining conflicting molecular results.
* Morphologically distinct from ''Opuntia'' and ''Nopalea'', especially in growth architecture.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Opuntioideae]]
[[Category:Opuntieae]]
[[Category:Consolea]]

Acharagma

2026-04-24T07:38:19Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Acharagma
| image = Acharagma_roseanum.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Acharagma'''
| authority = (N.P.Taylor) Glass & A.D.Zimmerman (1998)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular support from Wallace (1995), Butterworth et al. (2002), Crozier (2005), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name ''Acharagma'' means “without groove”, referring to the absence of an areolar groove on the tubercles, unlike related genera such as ''Coryphantha'' and ''Escobaria''.

== Description ==
'''Acharagma''' is a genus of small, globose to short cylindrical cacti with dense spination and reduced floral structures.

* '''Habit''': Solitary or forming small clumps (caespitose).
* '''Roots''': Fibrous to somewhat thickened.
* '''Stems''': Globose to short cylindrical, compact.
* '''Ribs''': Absent.
* '''Tubercles''': Prominent, without areolar groove and without nectar glands.
* '''Areoles''': Terminal, woolly when young.
* '''Spines''': Numerous, dense, covering the epidermis.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, apical, funnel-shaped; creamy white to yellow, often tinged pink or reddish; self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': By insects.
* '''Fruits''': Naked, indehiscent; floral remnants persistent.
* '''Seeds''': Brown to black, finely foveolate.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in restricted semi-desert environments:

* xerophytic shrublands
* rocky slopes and hillsides
* limestone, sandstone, or gypsum substrates
* cliff crevices and mountainous terrain

Often found among shrubs or in full sun, sometimes near seasonal watercourses.

Altitude range: approximately 1000–2650 m.

== Distribution ==
Mexico:

* Coahuila
* Nuevo León

== Taxonomy ==
The genus is well supported as distinct and monophyletic.

Key points:

* Initially placed in ''Gymnocactus'' (Glass & Foster, 1970)
* Later transferred to ''Turbinicarpus'' and ''Escobaria''
* Wallace (1995): molecular data indicated a distinct lineage
* Glass & Zimmerman (1998): established genus status
* Butterworth et al. (2002): separated from ''Escobaria''
* Crozier (2005) and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): confirmed distinct clade
* Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013): confirmed monophyly

The genus is clearly separated from morphologically similar taxa.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Acharagma aguirreanum]]
* [[Acharagma huasteca]]
* [[Acharagma roseanum]]
** [[Acharagma roseanum subsp. galeanense]]

== Notes ==

* A highly localized genus with very restricted distribution.
* Morphologically similar to ''Escobaria'', but lacking the diagnostic areolar groove.
* The status of ''Acharagma roseanum subsp. galeanense'' remains uncertain and may warrant species rank.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Acharagma]]

Ariocarpus

2026-04-23T21:45:30Z

Badmin:

Brasiliopuntia

2026-04-23T18:55:44Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Brasiliopuntia
| image = Brasiliopuntia_brasiliensis.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Opuntioideae]]
| tribe = [[Opuntieae]]
| genus = '''Brasiliopuntia'''
| authority = (K.Schum.) A.Berger (1926)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Wallace & Dickie (2001), Griffith & Porter (2009), and Bárcenas et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "Opuntia of Brazil", referring to its origin and main distribution area.

== Description ==
'''Brasiliopuntia''' is a monotypic genus of tree-like opuntioid cacti with a distinct trunk.

* '''Habit''': Arborescent; forming a well-defined trunk.
* '''Stems''': Cylindrical segments producing flattened pads (cladodes).
* '''Cladodes''': Thin; bearing few spines.
* '''Leaves''': Small; cylindrical; quickly deciduous.
* '''Areoles''': With glochids and spines.
* '''Spines''': Few; acicular; grouped on trunk and segments.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; self-sterile; terminal.
* '''Flower color''': Yellow.
* '''Pollination''': By bees.
* '''Fruits''': Spherical; fleshy; variable in color (yellow, orange, red, purple); with numerous glochids.
* '''Seeds''': Very large; yellow; discoid; with woolly funicular envelope.
* '''Seed dispersal''': Likely by mammals (e.g. peccaries).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in diverse South American environments:

* dry thorn forests
* humid (ombrophilous) forests
* semi-deciduous woodlands
* river valleys and rocky areas

Altitude range: from lowlands up to ~1300 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Brazil
* Paraguay
* Bolivia
* Northern Argentina
* Peru

Naturalized in:

* USA (Florida)

== Taxonomy ==
A distinctive and isolated genus.

Key points:

* Clearly separated from ''Opuntia'' by molecular and morphological data
* Wallace & Dickie (2001) and Stuppy (2001): confirmed distinct lineage
* Bárcenas et al. (2011): placed as sister to all other Opuntioideae
* Griffith & Porter (2009): found no close affinity with other genera
* Some taxa (e.g. ''Opuntia schickendantzii'') may belong to this clade

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
Monotypic genus:

* [[Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis]]

== Notes ==
* One of the few tree-forming genera within Opuntioideae.
* Represents a basal lineage within the subfamily.
* Shows significant morphological variability across its range.
* May include additional taxa pending further molecular study.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Opuntioideae]]
[[Category:Opuntieae]]
[[Category:Brasiliopuntia]]

Airampoa

2026-04-23T18:53:10Z

Badmin:

{{Taxobox
| name = Airampoa
| image = Airampoa_ayrampo.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Opuntioideae]]
| tribe = [[Opuntieae]]
| genus = '''Airampoa'''
| authority = Frič (1933)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Guiggi (2007), Griffith & Porter (2009), and Ritz et al. (2012).
}}

== Etymology ==
Derived from the Quechua name ''ayrampo'', referring to the red fruits used as dye and food colouring.

== Description ==
'''Airampoa''' is a genus of small, compact opuntioid cacti forming low cushions.

* '''Habit''': Low-growing; strongly articulated; forming dense cushions.
* '''Stems''': Composed of small segments; compact and clustered.
* '''Leaves''': Small, cylindrical, deciduous.
* '''Areoles''': Bearing glochids.
* '''Spines''': Fine, acicular; variable in size and colour.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; self-sterile.
* '''Flower shape''': Bell-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': Yellow, orange, red, carmine to purplish; rarely white.
* '''Stigma''': Emerald green.
* '''Pollination''': By bees and wasps.
* '''Fruits''': Fleshy; yellow to red; laterally dehiscent; with red pulp.
* '''Seeds''': Small; flattened; kidney-shaped; wrinkled; often stained by fruit pigments.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By birds (notably rheas).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in high-altitude Andean environments:

* puna and altiplano regions
* gravelly or sandy soils
* open ground or under sparse shrubs

Altitude range: approximately 1800–4000 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Northern Chile
* Southern Peru

== Taxonomy ==
A problematic and variable genus.

Key points:

* Previously included in ''Tunilla'' (Hunt & Iliff, 2000)
* Re-established as ''Airampoa'' (Guiggi, 2007) following nomenclatural revision
* Distinguished by pollen morphology (perforated tectum vs reticulate in ''Opuntia'')
* Molecular studies place it within Opuntieae but outside ''Opuntia'' sensu stricto
* High morphological variability possibly due to hybridization

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015), though species delimitation remains uncertain.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Airampoa albisaetacens]]
* [[Airampoa armata]]
* [[Airampoa ayrampo]]
* [[Airampoa chilensis]]
* [[Airampoa corrugata]]
* [[Airampoa erectoclada]]
* [[Airampoa microdisca]]
* [[Airampoa minuscula]]
* [[Airampoa orurensis]]
* [[Airampoa picardoi]]
* [[Airampoa tilcarensis]]

== Notes ==
* Previously confused with ''Tunilla''.
* Likely contains fewer true species than currently listed.
* Exhibits extreme morphological variability across populations.
* Fruits traditionally used as natural dyes.
* Represents a distinct Andean lineage within Opuntieae.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Opuntioideae]]
[[Category:Opuntieae]]
[[Category:Airampoa]]

Schlumbergera

2026-04-23T12:33:03Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Schlumbergera | image = Schlumbergera_truncata.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Rhipsalideae | genus = '''Schlumbergera''' | authority = Lem. (1858) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott (1987), Cálvente et al. (2011), and Korotkova (2011). }} == Etymology == Named in honour of Frédéric Schlumberger (1823–1893), French cactus collector. == Descript..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Schlumbergera
| image = Schlumbergera_truncata.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Rhipsalideae]]
| genus = '''Schlumbergera'''
| authority = Lem. (1858)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott (1987), Cálvente et al. (2011), and Korotkova (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honour of Frédéric Schlumberger (1823–1893), French cactus collector.

== Description ==
'''Schlumbergera''' is a genus of epiphytic cacti with flattened segmented stems and showy, zygomorphic flowers.

* '''Habit''': Epiphytic or epilithic; pendulous or slightly ascending; densely branched.
* '''Stems''': Flattened, segmented (phylloclades); elongated to obovate; sometimes resembling ''Opuntia'' (e.g. ''S. opuntioides'').
* '''Branching''': Acrotonic.
* '''Epidermis''': Often tinged purple under strong light.
* '''Areoles''': Located at segment margins and apices.
* '''Spines''': Short, setose or absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; self-sterile; terminal.
* '''Flower symmetry''': Zygomorphic (bilateral).
* '''Flower color''': Pink, purple, red, white, yellow, orange (especially in cultivars).
* '''Floral structures''': Well-developed floral tube with tepaloid scales.
* '''Pollination''': By hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Berry-like; globose to turbinate; pink, red or greenish-yellow.
* '''Seeds''': Ovoid to kidney-shaped; dark brown; smooth or finely pitted.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By birds and small primates.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in humid montane environments:

* ombrophilous rainforests
* epiphytic in tree hollows
* humus pockets and rock crevices
* occasionally terrestrial

Altitude range: approximately 100–2790 m.

== Distribution ==
Endemic to southeastern Brazil:

* Espírito Santo
* Minas Gerais
* Rio de Janeiro

== Taxonomy ==
A genus with a complex phylogenetic history.

Key points:

* Separated from ''Hatiora'' based on floral symmetry (Barthlott 1987)
* Anderson (2001) and Hunt et al. (2006): retained a broader concept
* Cálvente et al. (2011): suggested merging with ''Hatiora'' and ''Rhipsalidopsis''
* Korotkova (2011): clarified relationships and supported separation
* ''Hatiora epiphylloides'' transferred into ''Schlumbergera''

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Schlumbergera kautskyi]]
* [[Schlumbergera lutea]]
* [[Schlumbergera lutea subsp. bradei]]
* [[Schlumbergera microsphaerica]]
* [[Schlumbergera opuntioides]]
* [[Schlumbergera orssichiana]]
* [[Schlumbergera russelliana]]
* [[Schlumbergera truncata]]

== Notes ==
* Commonly known as the "Christmas cactus".
* One of the most widely cultivated cacti worldwide.
* Distinguished from ''Rhipsalidopsis'' by zygomorphic flowers.
* Highly hybridized in cultivation, leading to numerous cultivars.
* Adapted to humid forest environments rather than arid habitats.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Rhipsalideae]]
[[Category:Schlumbergera]]

Rhipsalis

2026-04-23T12:31:21Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Rhipsalis | image = Rhipsalis_baccifera.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Rhipsalideae | genus = '''Rhipsalis''' | authority = Gaertn. (1788) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott & Taylor (1995), Cálvente (2010, 2012), and Korotkova (2011). }} == Etymology == The name refers to wickerwork, alluding to the tangled, flexible, basket-like stems. == Descri..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Rhipsalis
| image = Rhipsalis_baccifera.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Rhipsalideae]]
| genus = '''Rhipsalis'''
| authority = Gaertn. (1788)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott & Taylor (1995), Cálvente (2010, 2012), and Korotkova (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name refers to wickerwork, alluding to the tangled, flexible, basket-like stems.

== Description ==
'''Rhipsalis''' is a highly diverse genus of mostly epiphytic cacti with variable stem morphology.

* '''Habit''': Usually epiphytic; sometimes epilithic; pendulous or sprawling.
* '''Stems''': Highly variable; cylindrical, ribbed, angled, winged or flattened; segmented.
* '''Growth pattern''': Acrotonic or mesotonic depending on species.
* '''Roots''': Adventitious aerial roots often present.
* '''Areoles''': Terminal present or absent depending on species.
* '''Spines''': Usually absent; present only in juvenile stages or rare taxa.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; small; rotate.
* '''Flower color''': White to creamy-white; rarely red.
* '''Pollination''': Likely by small insects (bees, flies, possibly moths).
* '''Fruits''': Berry-like; usually smooth; spherical to ovoid.
* '''Seed traits''': Seeds surrounded by mucilage.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By birds and small primates.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in a wide range of tropical ecosystems:

* rainforest canopies
* humid forests (ombrophilous)
* mangroves and swampy environments
* occasionally on rocks or other cacti

Altitude range: from sea level up to ~2650 m.

== Distribution ==
Pantropical distribution:

* Central and South America
* Caribbean
* Africa
* Madagascar
* Indian Ocean islands
* Southeast Asia

'''Rhipsalis baccifera''' is the only cactus species naturally occurring outside the Americas.

== Taxonomy ==
A complex and evolving genus.

Key points:

* Traditionally classified by morphology, leading to artificial groupings
* Molecular studies (Cálvente 2010, 2012) revealed non-monophyletic subgenera
* Korotkova (2011): confirmed monophyly of tribe Rhipsalideae and clarified generic limits
* Three main subgenera currently recognized: ''Rhipsalis'', ''Calamorhipsalis'', ''Erythrorhipsalis''
* Several taxa likely require reclassification based on molecular data

The genus is accepted as valid in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Rhipsalis agudoensis]]
* [[Rhipsalis alboareolata]]
* [[Rhipsalis aurea]]
* [[Rhipsalis baccifera]]
* [[Rhipsalis baccifera subsp. erythrocarpa]]
* [[Rhipsalis baccifera subsp. horrida]]
* [[Rhipsalis baccifera subsp. mauritiana]]
* [[Rhipsalis burchellii]]
* [[Rhipsalis campos-portoana]]
* [[Rhipsalis cereoides]]
* [[Rhipsalis cereuscula]]
* [[Rhipsalis clavata]]
* [[Rhipsalis crispata]]
* [[Rhipsalis crispimarginata]]
* [[Rhipsalis cuneata]]
* [[Rhipsalis dissimilis]]
* [[Rhipsalis elliptica]]
* [[Rhipsalis ewaldiana]]
* [[Rhipsalis flagelliformis]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa subsp. hohenauensis]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa subsp. oreophila]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa subsp. pittieri]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa subsp. pulvinigera]]
* [[Rhipsalis floccosa subsp. tucumanensis]]
* [[Rhipsalis goebeliana]]
* [[Rhipsalis grandiflora]]
* [[Rhipsalis hileiabaiana]]
* [[Rhipsalis hoelleri]]
* [[Rhipsalis juengeri]]
* [[Rhipsalis lindbergiana]]
* [[Rhipsalis mesembryanthemoides]]
* [[Rhipsalis micrantha]]
* [[Rhipsalis micrantha subsp. rauhiorum]]
* [[Rhipsalis neves-armondii]]
* [[Rhipsalis oblonga]]
* [[Rhipsalis occidentalis]]
* [[Rhipsalis olivifera]]
* [[Rhipsalis ormindoi]]
* [[Rhipsalis pacheco-leonis]]
* [[Rhipsalis pacheco-leonis subsp. catenulata]]
* [[Rhipsalis pachyptera]]
* [[Rhipsalis paradoxa]]
* [[Rhipsalis paradoxa subsp. septentrionalis]]
* [[Rhipsalis pentaptera]]
* [[Rhipsalis pilocarpa]]
* [[Rhipsalis pulchra]]
* [[Rhipsalis puniceodiscus]]
* [[Rhipsalis russellii]]
* [[Rhipsalis shaferi]]
* [[Rhipsalis sulcata]]
* [[Rhipsalis teres]]
* [[Rhipsalis triangularis]]
* [[Rhipsalis trigona]]

== Notes ==
* The only cactus genus naturally occurring in the Old World.
* Represents one of the widest geographic distributions in Cactaceae.
* Strong example of morphological convergence in epiphytic plants.
* Often mistaken for non-cactus tropical plants.
* Key genus for understanding epiphytic cactus evolution.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Rhipsalideae]]
[[Category:Rhipsalis]]

Rhipsalidopsis

2026-04-23T12:27:18Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Rhipsalidopsis | image = Rhipsalidopsis_gaertneri.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Rhipsalideae | genus = '''Rhipsalidopsis''' | authority = Britton & Rose (1923) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Korotkova (2011), Cálvente et al. (2011), and Barthlott (1987). }} == Etymology == The name means "similar to Rhipsalis", referring to its superficial resemblance t..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Rhipsalidopsis
| image = Rhipsalidopsis_gaertneri.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Rhipsalideae]]
| genus = '''Rhipsalidopsis'''
| authority = Britton & Rose (1923)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Korotkova (2011), Cálvente et al. (2011), and Barthlott (1987).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "similar to Rhipsalis", referring to its superficial resemblance to that genus.

== Description ==
'''Rhipsalidopsis''' is a genus of small epiphytic cacti with flattened stem segments and showy flowers.

* '''Habit''': Epiphytic; usually multi-branched; pendulous or semi-erect.
* '''Stems''': Flattened segments (phylloclades), sometimes with 3–6 angles; truncate; often tinged red.
* '''Areoles''': Marginal and apical; bearing small bristles.
* '''Spines''': Absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; self-sterile; apical.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped to bell-shaped; actinomorphic.
* '''Flower color''': Pink, scarlet to deep red.
* '''Pollination''': By hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Globose to elongated; red.
* '''Seeds''': Ovoid; brown; smooth; glossy.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in humid montane forests:

* epiphytic on trees
* cloud forests and humid woodland
* often associated with ''Schlumbergera''

Altitude range: approximately 100–2000 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo)

Endemic to southern Brazil.

== Taxonomy ==
A genus with a complex nomenclatural history.

Key points:

* Originally separated from ''Rhipsalis'' (Britton & Rose, 1923)
* Later included in ''Hatiora'' (Barthlott, 1987; Anderson 2001; Hunt et al. 2006)
* Cálvente et al. (2011): proposed inclusion within ''Schlumbergera''
* Korotkova (2011): demonstrated that ''Rhipsalidopsis'' forms a distinct clade
* Morphological differences (especially floral traits) support separation

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri]]
* [[Rhipsalidopsis rosea]]

== Notes ==
* Commonly known as the "Easter cactus".
* Often confused with ''Schlumbergera'' ("Christmas cactus").
* Differs from ''Schlumbergera'' in floral symmetry and structure.
* Widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
* Represents a distinct lineage within Rhipsalideae.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Rhipsalideae]]
[[Category:Rhipsalidopsis]]

Weberocereus

2026-04-23T12:25:01Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Weberbauerocereus | image = Weberbauerocereus_cuzcoensis.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Cereeae | subtribe = Trichocereinae | genus = '''Weberbauerocereus''' | authority = Backeb. (1942) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arakaki (2002, 2003, 2008), Schlumpberger (2012), and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011). }} == Etymology == Named in honour of August..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Weberbauerocereus
| image = Weberbauerocereus_cuzcoensis.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Trichocereinae]]
| genus = '''Weberbauerocereus'''
| authority = Backeb. (1942)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arakaki (2002, 2003, 2008), Schlumpberger (2012), and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honour of August Weberbauer (1871–1948), German botanist and director of the botanical gardens of Lima.

== Description ==
'''Weberbauerocereus''' is a genus of shrubby to tree-like columnar cacti from the Andes.

* '''Habit''': Shrubby to arborescent; branching from or near the base; sometimes forming a trunk.
* '''Stems''': Erect or curved; often intermingled.
* '''Ribs''': Numerous (8–25); variable.
* '''Areoles''': Close-set; large; woolly; whitish to grey or yellowish.
* '''Spines''': Numerous radial spines (20–60), setose to acicular; central spines stronger when present.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; remaining open into the morning; self-sterile.
* '''Flower shape''': Tubular to funnel-shaped; often slightly zygomorphic.
* '''Floral tube''': Characteristically curved or S-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': Whitish, brownish, or reddish.
* '''Floral structures''': Pericarpel with scales and hairs.
* '''Pollination''': By bats, hummingbirds, and bees.
* '''Fruits''': Small; yellow-orange to reddish; somewhat hairy; with persistent floral remnants.
* '''Seeds''': Small; numerous; black; glossy.
* '''Seed dispersal''': Mainly by bats (limited efficiency).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in Andean environments:

* high valleys and slopes
* rocky outcrops and mountainous terrain
* north-facing slopes with fog influence
* shrub-dominated landscapes

Altitude range: approximately 540–3500 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Peru (widespread in Andean regions)
* Bolivia (La Paz)

== Taxonomy ==
A genus with clarified placement through molecular studies.

Key points:

* Historically poorly circumscribed; often compared to ''Cleistocactus''
* Morphological similarities (growth form, flowers, seeds) support this relationship
* Molecular studies (Arakaki 2002, 2003): confirm a clade including ''Weberbauerocereus'' and ''Cleistocactus''
* ''Haageocereus'' shown to be unrelated (sister to ''Espostoa'')
* Close relationship with ''Yungasocereus'' and ''Samaipaticereus''
* Included in a broader “Cleistocactus clade” (Schlumpberger 2012)

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Weberbauerocereus albus]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus cephalomacrostibas]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus churinensis]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus madidiensis]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus rauhii]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus torataensis]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri]]
* [[Weberbauerocereus winterianus]]

== Notes ==
* Closely related to ''Cleistocactus'' but distinct.
* Exhibits mixed pollination strategy (bats and hummingbirds).
* Adapted to high-altitude Andean environments.
* Shows biogeographic link between Peru and Bolivia.
* Part of a larger evolutionary complex including ''Yungasocereus'' and ''Samaipaticereus''.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cereeae]]
[[Category:Trichocereinae]]
[[Category:Weberbauerocereus]]

Selenicereus

2026-04-23T09:35:07Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Selenicereus | image = Selenicereus_grandiflorus.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Hylocereinae | genus = '''Selenicereus''' | authority = (A.Berger) Britton & Rose (1909) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003), Arias et al. (2005), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011). }} == Etymology == The name means "Ce..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Selenicereus
| image = Selenicereus_grandiflorus.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Hylocereinae]]
| genus = '''Selenicereus'''
| authority = (A.Berger) Britton & Rose (1909)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003), Arias et al. (2005), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "Cereus of Selene", the Greek moon goddess, referring to the nocturnal flowers.

== Description ==
'''Selenicereus''' is a genus of climbing cacti known for their large, nocturnal flowers.

* '''Habit''': Epiphytic, epilithic, or terrestrial; climbing or pendulous.
* '''Stems''': Long, slender; often exceeding 5 m; finely ribbed; with aerial roots.
* '''Branching''': Dense; stems often sprawling or climbing on vegetation.
* '''Areoles''': With short hairs.
* '''Spines''': Small; setose, hairy, or absent.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; very large; self-sterile; intensely fragrant.
* '''Flower size''': Up to ~40 cm long and 20 cm in diameter.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': Inner tepals white; outer tepals yellow, pink, or brownish.
* '''Floral structures''': Long floral tube with scales, hairs, bristles or spines.
* '''Pollination''': By bats and sphingid moths.
* '''Fruits''': Globose to oblong; fleshy; usually red; edible; often with persistent spines.
* '''Seeds''': Ovoid to kidney-shaped; black; glossy; covered with mucilage.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in a wide range of tropical environments:

* climbing on vegetation
* epiphytic in trees
* near rivers and wetlands
* mangroves and swampy areas

Altitude range: from sea level up to ~2400 m.

== Distribution ==
Widespread in the Neotropics:

* Mexico
* Central America
* Caribbean
* South America
* Southern USA (Florida)

One of the most broadly distributed epiphytic cactus genera.

== Taxonomy ==
A complex and historically fluid genus.

Key points:

* Traditionally included several genera (''Cryptocereus'', ''Deamia'', ''Strophocactus'', ''Salmdyckia'')
* Bauer (2003): redefined boundaries, transferring several taxa
* ''Strophocactus'' re-established as separate genus
* ''Salmdyckia'' transferred to ''Hylocereus''
* ''Nyctocereus chontalensis'' briefly included, later reassigned to ''Strophocactus''
* Molecular studies (Nyffeler & Eggli 2010; Bárcenas et al. 2011) support a monophyletic core (''Selenicereus'' sensu stricto)

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Selenicereus atropilosus]]
* [[Selenicereus dorschianus]]
* [[Selenicereus grandiflorus]]
* [[Selenicereus grandiflorus subsp. donkelaarii]]
* [[Selenicereus grandiflorus subsp. hondurensis]]
* [[Selenicereus grandiflorus subsp. lautneri]]
* [[Selenicereus hamatus]]
* [[Selenicereus inermis]]
* [[Selenicereus macdonaldiae]]
* [[Selenicereus nelsonii]]
* [[Selenicereus pteranthus]]
* [[Selenicereus spinulosus]]
* [[Selenicereus urbanianus]]
* [[Selenicereus vagans]]
* [[Selenicereus validus]]
* [[Selenicereus wercklei]]

== Notes ==
* Includes the famous "Queen of the Night" cacti.
* Produces some of the largest flowers in the cactus family.
* Strongly adapted to nocturnal pollination syndromes.
* Closely related to ''Hylocereus'' (dragon fruit group).
* Represents a central lineage within epiphytic tropical cacti.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Hylocereinae]]
[[Category:Selenicereus]]

Pseudorhipsalis

2026-04-23T09:31:37Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Pseudorhipsalis | image = Pseudorhipsalis_ramulosa.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Hylocereinae | genus = '''Pseudorhipsalis''' | authority = Britton & Rose (1923) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott (1991), Bauer (2003), and Hunt et al. (2006). }} == Etymology == The name means "false Rhipsalis", referring to its superf..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Pseudorhipsalis
| image = Pseudorhipsalis_ramulosa.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Hylocereinae]]
| genus = '''Pseudorhipsalis'''
| authority = Britton & Rose (1923)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Barthlott (1991), Bauer (2003), and Hunt et al. (2006).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "false Rhipsalis", referring to its superficial resemblance to that genus.

== Description ==
'''Pseudorhipsalis''' is a genus of epiphytic cacti with slender to flattened stems and small flowers.

* '''Habit''': Bushy to shrubby; usually epiphytic, occasionally lithophytic.
* '''Growth form''': Initially erect, later arching or pendulous.
* '''Stems''': Cylindrical when young, later flattened (phylloclades); sometimes crenulate.
* '''Areoles''': Small; often ciliate when young, becoming naked with age.
* '''Spines''': Absent.
* '''Flowers''': Mostly diurnal; small; solitary.
* '''Flower shape''': Shortly funnel-shaped to rotate; short tube.
* '''Flower color''': White, yellowish-white, greenish, pinkish, rarely bluish.
* '''Pollination''': Likely by bees; also hummingbirds in some taxa (e.g. ''P. amazónica'').
* '''Fruits''': Spherical to ovoid berries; smooth; white to pink or pale magenta, often purplish.
* '''Seeds''': Pear-shaped; black to dark brown; slightly pitted or tuberculate.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in a wide range of tropical habitats:

* epiphytic in trees
* rainforests and dry forests
* volcanic regions
* occasionally on rocks

Altitude range: from sea level up to ~1500 m.

== Distribution ==
Widespread in the Neotropics:

* Central America
* Caribbean
* South America (Amazonian regions)

One of the most widely distributed epiphytic cactus genera. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

== Taxonomy ==
A complex and debated genus.

Key points:

* Separated from ''Rhipsalis'' based on floral and fruit morphology
* Belongs to Hylocereinae, not Rhipsalideae
* Often merged into ''Disocactus'' by some authors (Kimnach)
* Retained as distinct by Barthlott and the IOS working group
* Inclusion of ''Wittia amazónica'' (now ''Pseudorhipsalis amazónica'') clarified its limits
* Modern phylogenetic studies confirm its placement within Hylocereeae, but relationships remain complex :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Pseudorhipsalis acuminata]]
* [[Pseudorhipsalis alata]]
* [[Pseudorhipsalis amazónica]]
* [[Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada]]
* [[Pseudorhipsalis lankesteri]]
* [[Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa]]

== Notes ==
* Strong morphological convergence with ''Rhipsalis''.
* Closer phylogenetically to ''Disocactus'' than to ''Rhipsalis''.
* Lacks spines, contributing to its non-cactus-like appearance.
* Rare in cultivation despite wide natural distribution.
* Part of the complex epiphytic cactus radiation in tropical forests.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Hylocereinae]]
[[Category:Pseudorhipsalis]]

Main Page

2026-04-22T18:18:49Z

Badmin: /* Subtribe Hylocereinae */

<div style="background-color: #eafbea; border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 0 15px 15px 0;">
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== Join Our Community ==

We are currently looking for '''volunteers''' to help us build the most complete cactus encyclopedia on the web!

If you have a collection at home or a passion for photography, you can contribute by:
* '''Uploading Photos:''' Share high-quality images of your cacti and succulents to help with species identification.
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No technical skills are required—just a camera and a love for plants! Every photo helps our community grow.

''Interested? Simply create an account and start uploading, or '''[mailto:sholekoff@gmail.com contact us via email]''' for more information!''

__NOTOC__

= M🌵J Cactus Wiki =
'''International Encyclopedia of Cactaceae'''

''This classification follows the Joël Lodé system (v1.19 - Updated 2019).''

== Family Cactaceae ==
The family is divided into five subfamilies.

=== I. Subfamily [[Pereskioideae]] ===
* [[Pereskia]]

=== II. Subfamily [[Leuenbergerioideae]] ===
* [[Leuenbergeria]]

=== III. Subfamily [[Maihuenioideae]] ===
* [[Maihuenia]]

=== IV. Subfamily [[Opuntioideae]] ===

==== Tribe Cylindropuntieae ====
** [[Corynopuntia]], [[Cylindropuntia]], [[Grusonia]], [[Micropuntia]], [[Pereskiopsis]], [[Quiabentia]]

==== Tribe Opuntieae ====
** [[Airampoa]], [[Brasiliopuntia]], [[Consolea]], [[Miqueliopuntia]], [[Opuntia]] (incl. [[Nopalea]]), [[Salmonopuntia]], [[Tacinga]]

==== Tribe Tephrocacteae ====
** [[Austrocylindropuntia]], [[Cumulopuntia]], [[Maihueniopsis]], [[Pterocactus]], [[Punotia]], [[Tephrocactus]]

=== V. Subfamily [[Cactoideae]] ===

==== Tribe Blossfeldieae ====
** [[Blossfeldia]]

==== Tribe Cacteae ====
** [[Acharagma]], [[Ancistrocactus]], [[Ariocarpus]], [[Astrophytum]], [[Aztekium]], [[Cochemiea]], [[Coryphantha]], [[Cumarinia]], [[Echinocactus]], [[Echinofossulocactus]], [[Echinomastus]], [[Epithelantha]], [[Escobaria]], [[Ferocactus]], [[Geohintonia]], [[Glandulicactus]], [[Homalocephala]], [[Kadenicarpus]], [[Kroenleinia]], [[Leuchtenbergia]], [[Lophophora]], [[Mammillaria]], [[Mammilloydia]], [[Mitrocereus]], [[Neolloydia]], [[Neogomesia]], [[Obregonia]], [[Ortegocactus]], [[Pediocactus]], [[Pelecyphora]], [[Rapicactus]], [[Sclerocactus]], [[Strombocactus]], [[Thelocactus]], [[Turbinicarpus]]

==== Tribe Cereeae ====

===== Subtribe Cereinae =====
*** [[Arrojadoa]], [[Bragaia]], [[Brasilicereus]], [[Cereus]], [[Cipocereus]], [[Coleocephalocereus]], [[Discocactus]], [[Espostoopsis]], [[Estevesia]], [[Facheiroa]], [[Floribunda]], [[Lagenosocereus]], [[Leocereus]], [[Melocactus]], [[Micranthocereus]], [[Mirabella]], [[Monvillea]], [[Pierrebraunia]], [[Pilosocereus]], [[Praecereus]], [[Siccobaccatus]], [[Stephanocereus]], [[Stetsonia]], [[Uebelmannia]]

===== Subtribe Rebutiinae =====
*** [[Aylostera]], [[Azureocereus]], [[Browningia]], [[Lasiocereus]], [[Rebutia]], [[Weingartia]]

===== Subtribe Trichocereinae =====
*** [[Acanthocalycium]], [[Arthrocereus]], [[Borzicactus]], [[Cephalocleistocactus]], [[Cleistocactus]], [[Denmoza]], [[Echinopsis]], [[Espostoa]], [[Gymnocalycium]], [[Haageocereus]], [[Harrisia]], [[Hildewintera]], [[Lobivia]], [[Loxanthocereus]], [[Matucana]], [[Mila]], [[Neoabbottia]], [[Oreocereus]], [[Oroya]], [[Rauhocereus]], [[Reicheocactus]], [[Samaipaticereus]], [[Setiechinopsis]], [[Trichocereus]], [[Vatricania]], [[Weberbauerocereus]], [[Yungasocereus]]

==== Tribe Copiapoeae ====
** [[Copiapoa]]

==== Tribe Lymanbensonieae ====
** [[Calymmanthium]], [[Lymanbensonia]]

==== Tribe Notocacteae ====
** [[Acanthocephala]], [[Bolivicactus]], [[Brasiliparodia]], [[Eriocephala]], [[Eriosyce]], [[Frailea]], [[Islaya]], [[Malacocarpus]], [[Neowerdermannia]], [[Notocactus]], [[Parodia]], [[Rimacactus]], [[Wigginsia]], [[Yavia]]

==== Tribe Phyllocacteae ====

===== Subtribe Corryocactinae =====
*** [[Armatocereus]], [[Austrocactus]], [[Brachycereus]], [[Castellanosia]], [[Corryocactus]], [[Dendrocereus]], [[Eulychnia]], [[Jasminocereus]], [[Leptocereus]], [[Neoraimondia]], [[Pfeiffera]]

===== Subtribe Echinocereinae =====
*** [[Acanthocereus]], [[Backebergia]], [[Bergerocactus]], [[Carnegiea]], [[Cephalocereus]], [[Echinocereus]], [[Escontria]], [[Isolatocereus]], [[Lemaireocereus]], [[Lophocereus]], [[Marshallocereus]], [[Morangaya]], [[Myrtillocactus]], [[Neobuxbaumia]], [[Nyctocereus]], [[Pachycereus]], [[Peniocereus]], [[Polaskia]], [[Pseudoacanthocereus]], [[Pterocereus]], [[Stenocereus]], [[Strophocactus]]

===== Subtribe Hylocereinae =====
*** [[Aporocactus]], [[Disocactus]], [[Epiphyllum]], [[Heliocereus]], [[Hylocereus]]. [[Kimnachia]], [[Marniera]], [[Pseudorhipsalis]], [[Selenicereus]], [[Weberocereus]]

==== Tribe Rhipsalideae ====
** [[Hatiora]], [[Lepismium]], [[Lymanbensonia]], [[Rhipsalidopsis]], [[Rhipsalis]], [[Schlumbergera]]

---

== Notes ==
* This classification strictly follows the Joël Lodé system (v1.19), based on his final updates in December 2019.
* '''Leuenbergerioideae''' is now recognized as a distinct subfamily for the "Northern clade" of former Pereskia.
* '''Rehabilitated genera (2019):''' Includes [[Homalocephala]], [[Deamia]], [[Kadenicarpus]], [[Ancistrocactus]], [[Rhipsalidopsis]], [[Heliocereus]], and [[Salmonopuntia]].
* '''New genera:''' Added [[Cremnocereus]] and [[Kimnachia]].
* '''Echinopsis alliance:''' Lodé maintains the separation of [[Trichocereus]], [[Lobivia]], and [[Soehrensia]] (included in Lobivia here) from [[Echinopsis]] s.s.
* Aquino et al. (2022) – Phylogenetic revision of Pelecyphora
---
== Navigation ==
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! [[A]] !! [[B]] !! [[C]] !! [[D]] !! [[E]] !! [[F]] !! [[G]] !! [[H]] !! [[I]] !! [[J]] !! [[K]] !! [[L]] !! [[M]] !! [[N]] !! [[O]] !! [[P]] !! [[Q]] !! [[R]] !! [[S]] !! [[T]] !! [[U]] !! [[V]] !! [[W]] !! [[X]] !! [[Y]] !! [[Z]]
|}

[[Category:Main Page]]

Marniera

2026-04-22T18:15:56Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Marniera | image = Marniera_chrysocardium.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Hylocereinae | genus = '''Marniera''' | authority = (Alexander) Backeb. (1950) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003) and Hunt et al. (2006). }} == Etymology == Named in honour of Julien Marnier-Lapostolle (1902–1976), French botanist and explore..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Marniera
| image = Marniera_chrysocardium.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Hylocereinae]]
| genus = '''Marniera'''
| authority = (Alexander) Backeb. (1950)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003) and Hunt et al. (2006).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honour of Julien Marnier-Lapostolle (1902–1976), French botanist and explorer, associated with the Grand Marnier liqueur.

== Description ==
'''Marniera''' is a monotypic genus of highly ornamental epiphytic cacti with unusual flattened stems.

* '''Habit''': Vigorous; climbing and spreading; epiphytic.
* '''Stems''': Flattened phylloclades with long, narrow, deeply lobed segments.
* '''Growth form''': Resembling leaf-like structures; strongly reminiscent of some ''Epiphyllum'' species.
* '''Areoles''': Located between lobes.
* '''Spines''': Absent or very reduced.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; large; self-sterile; strongly fragrant.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped with long floral tube.
* '''Flower color''': White; outer tepals purplish.
* '''Reproductive traits''': Stamens with bright yellow styles.
* '''Floral structures''': Ovary bearing hairs or bristles.
* '''Pollination''': Likely by moths (Sphingidae) and possibly bats.
* '''Fruits''': Globose; densely spiny; green to grey; with juicy pulp.
* '''Seeds''': Not well documented.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in tropical rainforest ecosystems:

* epiphytic on tree branches
* humid, shaded environments
* associated with ferns, orchids, bromeliads, and other epiphytic cacti

Altitude: lowland tropical zones (exact range insufficiently documented).

== Distribution ==
Mexico:

* Chiapas
* Tabasco

Endemic to a very restricted area (possibly underreported).

== Taxonomy ==
A controversial and unresolved genus.

Key points:

* Originally separated based on ovary bearing hairs or bristles
* Strong morphological similarity to ''Epiphyllum'' (especially ''E. anguliger'')
* Often included in ''Selenicereus'' (Anderson 2001; Hunt et al. 2006)
* Bauer (2003): highlighted need for molecular studies
* Morphological convergence complicates classification

The genus is provisionally maintained as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
Monotypic genus:

* [[Marniera chrysocardium]]

== Notes ==
* Exhibits strong convergence with ''Epiphyllum''-like cacti.
* Likely closely related to ''Selenicereus''.
* One of the most ornamental and unusual epiphytic cacti.
* Taxonomic position remains uncertain pending molecular data.
* Represents a classic case where morphology alone is misleading.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Hylocereinae]]
[[Category:Marniera]]

Strophocactus

2026-04-22T15:37:50Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Strophocactus | image = Strophocactus_wittii.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Strophocactus''' | authority = Britton & Rose (1913) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Hunt et al. (2006). }} == Etymology == The name means "wrapped cactus", referring to species th..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Strophocactus
| image = Strophocactus_wittii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Strophocactus'''
| authority = Britton & Rose (1913)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Bauer (2003), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Hunt et al. (2006).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "wrapped cactus", referring to species that cling to and wrap around trees.

== Description ==
'''Strophocactus''' is a genus of epiphytic or epilithic, climbing cacti with highly specialized adaptations.

* '''Habit''': Climbing or pendulous; epiphytic or epilithic.
* '''Growth form''': Polymorphic; stems appressed to substrates.
* '''Stems''': Segmented; flattened or angled; often adhering to trunks, branches, or rocks.
* '''Roots''': Aerial roots used for attachment.
* '''Areoles''': Woolly; bearing strong spines.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; self-sterile; strongly fragrant to unpleasant.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped with very long floral tube.
* '''Flower color''': Pure white.
* '''Floral structures''': Tube scaly and hairy.
* '''Pollination''': By sphingid moths (Sphingidae).
* '''Fruits''': Globose; spiny; yellow, greenish or red; with persistent perianth remains.
* '''Seeds''': Obovoid; light brown; smooth; sometimes with air-filled structures for flotation.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By water (hydrochory), especially in flood-prone habitats.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in humid tropical environments:

* rainforests and riverine systems
* swampy or seasonally flooded areas
* mangroves and riparian vegetation
* rocky substrates in humid zones

Altitude range: from sea level up to ~1100 m.

== Distribution ==
Central and South America:

* Mexico (multiple states)
* Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama)
* South America (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru)

== Taxonomy ==
A genus with complex redefinition based on molecular and morphological data.

Key points:

* Originally included species from ''Selenicereus'', ''Disocactus'', ''Nyctocereus'', and ''Deamia''
* Bauer (2003): reassigned several taxa to ''Strophocactus''
* Molecular studies (Nyffeler & Eggli, 2010) support placement in Echinocereinae
* ''Cryptocereus anthonyanus'' excluded as separate genus
* Some species show significant morphological divergence, suggesting possible future reclassification

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Strophocactus chontalensis]]
* [[Strophocactus testudo]]
* [[Strophocactus wittii]]

== Notes ==
* Includes one of the very few myrmecophilous cacti (''S. testudo''), hosting ant colonies.
* ''S. wittii'' adapted to flooded environments; seeds capable of floating.
* Represents extreme ecological specialization within Cactaceae.
* Strong example of convergence with other epiphytic plant families.
* May represent multiple evolutionary lineages within current circumscription.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Strophocactus]]

Stenocereus

2026-04-22T15:35:25Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Stenocereus | image = Stenocereus_pruinosus.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Stenocereus''' | authority = (A.Berger) Riccob. (1909) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Gibson & Horak (1978), Terrazas (2000), Arias & Terrazas (2006), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011). }} == Etymology ==..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Stenocereus
| image = Stenocereus_pruinosus.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Stenocereus'''
| authority = (A.Berger) Riccob. (1909)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Gibson & Horak (1978), Terrazas (2000), Arias & Terrazas (2006), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "narrow Cereus", referring to the typically narrow ribs.

== Description ==
'''Stenocereus''' is a diverse genus of columnar cacti ranging from shrubs to large tree-like forms.

* '''Habit''': Arborescent or shrubby; erect, branching, sometimes forming trunks; occasionally creeping (''S. eruca'').
* '''Growth form''': Often forming dense thickets (e.g. ''S. gummosus'').
* '''Stems''': Robust; usually strongly branched.
* '''Ribs''': Numerous; often tuberculate.
* '''Areoles''': Woolly.
* '''Spines''': Radial spines spreading; 1–4 central spines, often strong, sometimes flattened.
* '''Flowers''': Usually nocturnal; sometimes remaining open during the day; rarely diurnal.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped to bell-shaped; often fragrant.
* '''Floral structures''': Scaly, often spiny pericarpel.
* '''Pollination''': Primarily by bats; also by hummingbirds, birds, bees, and occasionally butterflies.
* '''Fruits''': Globose to ovoid; often fleshy; usually edible; spines deciduous; generally lacking persistent perianth.
* '''Seeds''': Relatively large; obovoid; black; shiny; surface variable (smooth, tuberculate, pitted).
* '''Seed dispersal''': By bats, birds, lizards, and small mammals.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in a wide range of arid and semi-arid environments:

* deserts and sandy plains
* rocky slopes and canyons
* volcanic substrates
* xerophytic scrub (matorral)
* coastal regions

Altitude range: from sea level up to ~2120 m.

== Distribution ==
Americas:

* Mexico (widespread)
* United States (Arizona, California)
* Central America (Guatemala)
* Caribbean (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic)
* South America (Colombia, Venezuela)

== Taxonomy ==
A complex and partially unresolved genus.

Key points:

* Includes taxa formerly placed in ''Rathbunia'', ''Hertrichocereus'', ''Machaerocereus'', ''Lemaireocereus'', and others
* Morphological characters (silica bodies, pigments, triterpenoids) helped define the group (Gibson & Horak, 1978)
* Molecular studies (Terrazas 2000; Crozier 2005) support a core monophyletic clade
* Some species (e.g. ''S. aragonii'', ''S. eichlamii'') are misplaced and likely belong elsewhere
* Seed morphology studies confirm heterogeneity
* Nyffeler & Eggli (2010): genus not fully monophyletic as currently circumscribed
* Guiggi (2012): suggests transferring problematic taxa to ''Marshallocereus''

Despite these issues, the genus is maintained in a practical sense in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Stenocereus alamosensis]]
* [[Stenocereus beneckei]]
* [[Stenocereus chacalapensis]]
* [[Stenocereus chrysocarpus]]
* [[Stenocereus eruca]]
* [[Stenocereus fimbriatus]]
* [[Stenocereus fricii]]
* [[Stenocereus griseus]]
* [[Stenocereus gummosus]]
* [[Stenocereus humilis]]
* [[Stenocereus kerberi]]
* [[Stenocereus martinezii]]
* [[Stenocereus montanus]]
* [[Stenocereus pruinosus]]
* [[Stenocereus queretaroensis]]
* [[Stenocereus quevedonis]]
* [[Stenocereus standleyi]]
* [[Stenocereus stellatus]]
* [[Stenocereus thurberi]]
* [[Stenocereus thurberi subsp. littoralis]]
* [[Stenocereus treleasei]]

== Notes ==
* One of the most ecologically and morphologically diverse cactus genera.
* Many species produce edible fruits important to local communities.
* Displays one of the widest pollination syndromes in Cactaceae.
* Includes anomalous taxa requiring further phylogenetic clarification.
* Central genus in the evolution of New World columnar cacti.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Stenocereus]]

Pterocereus

2026-04-22T10:45:43Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Pterocereus | image = Pterocereus_gaumeri.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Pterocereus''' | authority = (Britton & Rose) MacDougall & Miranda (1954) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arias et al. (2003), Arias & Terrazas (2009), and Gibson & Horak (1978). }} == Etymology == The name means "winged Cereu..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Pterocereus
| image = Pterocereus_gaumeri.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Pterocereus'''
| authority = (Britton & Rose) MacDougall & Miranda (1954)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arias et al. (2003), Arias & Terrazas (2009), and Gibson & Horak (1978).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "winged Cereus", referring to the thin, strongly angled ribs.

== Description ==
'''Pterocereus''' is a monotypic genus of slender, columnar cacti with distinctive rib morphology.

* '''Habit''': Erect; usually unbranched or sparsely branched.
* '''Height''': Typically ~1.5 m, up to ~8 m.
* '''Stems''': Bluish-green to greyish-green.
* '''Ribs''': 3–4; very thin, strongly angled.
* '''Areoles''': Few; widely spaced; woolly.
* '''Spines''': ~10–12; short; acicular.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; self-sterile; one per areole.
* '''Flower shape''': Cylindrical to shortly funnel-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': Whitish to pale greenish-yellow.
* '''Floral traits''': Imbricated scales; strongly recurved; unpleasant odour.
* '''Pollination''': By bats.
* '''Fruits''': Globose; scaly and spiny; pale red; with persistent floral remnants.
* '''Seeds''': Large; brown; smooth; glossy.
* '''Seed dispersal''': Likely by birds (ornithochory).

== Habitat ==
Occurs in tropical dry forest ecosystems:

* deciduous dry forests
* lowland environments near sea level
* growing initially under nurse plants (nurse effect / nodricism)
* later emerging above surrounding vegetation

Often associated with genera such as ''Acanthocereus'', ''Hylocereus'', ''Mammillaria'', ''Opuntia'', ''Selenicereus'', and ''Stenocereus''.

Altitude range: near sea level.

== Distribution ==
Mexico:

* Campeche
* Chiapas
* Yucatán

Endemic to southern Mexico.

== Taxonomy ==
A genus separated from ''Pachycereus'' based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Key points:

* Originally described as ''Pachycereus gaumeri'' (Britton & Rose, 1920)
* Later segregated into distinct genera (e.g. ''Backebergia'', ''Lophocereus'', ''Pterocereus'')
* Often retained within ''Pachycereus'' in broader classifications (Anderson, Hunt et al.)
* Molecular studies (Arias et al., 2003) support separation
* Arias & Terrazas (2009): confirmed status and recognized subspecies

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Pterocereus gaumeri]]
* [[Pterocereus gaumeri subsp. foetidus]]

== Notes ==
* Characterized by very thin, wing-like ribs.
* Emits unpleasant odour to attract bat pollinators.
* Shows clear ecological dependence on nurse plants in early growth stages.
* Represents a lineage formerly embedded within ''Pachycereus''.
* Restricted distribution increases potential conservation concern.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Pterocereus]]

Pseudoacanthocereus

2026-04-22T10:42:28Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Pseudoacanthocereus | image = Pseudoacanthocereus_brasiliensis.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Pseudoacanthocereus''' | authority = F.Ritter (1979) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Ritter (1979), Hunt & Taylor (1992), and Anderson (2001). }} == Etymology == The name means "false Acanthocereus", refer..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Pseudoacanthocereus
| image = Pseudoacanthocereus_brasiliensis.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Pseudoacanthocereus'''
| authority = F.Ritter (1979)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Ritter (1979), Hunt & Taylor (1992), and Anderson (2001).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "false Acanthocereus", referring to its superficial resemblance to that genus.

== Description ==
'''Pseudoacanthocereus''' is a genus of low-growing, shrubby cacti with slender, climbing stems.

* '''Habit''': Bushy; strongly branched; initially erect, later arching or pendulous.
* '''Stems''': Slender; with 2–8 ribs; well-defined but variable.
* '''Areoles''': Small; brownish.
* '''Spines''': Short; acicular.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; self-sterile; strongly fragrant.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped with long floral tube.
* '''Flower color''': White.
* '''Pollination''': By sphingid moths (Sphingidae).
* '''Fruits''': Globose; fleshy; indehiscent; pale yellow; strongly fragrant (pineapple-like).
* '''Fruit traits''': Spines deciduous at maturity.
* '''Seeds''': Large; flattened; pale brown; slightly striate.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By animals, including peccaries (e.g. ''Tayassu pecari'').

== Habitat ==
Occurs in tropical dry environments:

* caatinga (Brazil)
* subtropical dry forests
* scrublands
* often growing in shade
* supported by surrounding vegetation

Altitude range: approximately 300–400 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Sergipe)
* Colombia
* Venezuela (Falcón, Lara, Zulia)

Notably disjunct distribution (~4000 km between populations).

== Taxonomy ==
A small and poorly understood genus with notable disjunction.

Key points:

* Described by Ritter (1979) from ''Acanthocereus''-like taxa
* Distinguished mainly by fruit and seed morphology
* Accepted by Hunt & Taylor (1992) and Anderson (2001)
* Two geographically distant species suggest possible hidden diversity or historical distribution

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

⚠️ Modern molecular studies (e.g. Korotkova et al., 2017) suggest that the species of this genus are closely related to ''Strophocactus'' and have been transferred there in recent classifications :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}.
However, this treatment is not followed here.

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Pseudoacanthocereus brasiliensis]]
* [[Pseudoacanthocereus sicariguensis]]

== Notes ==
* Must not be confused with ''Pseudoacanthocereus'' subgenus (Sánchez-Mejorada, 1974) within ''Acanthocereus''.
* Shows strong morphological similarity to ''Acanthocereus'', but differs in reproductive traits.
* Displays one of the most striking disjunctions in Cactaceae.
* Likely requires further molecular study to confirm evolutionary relationships.
* Represents a transitional morphological type between climbing and shrubby cacti.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Pseudoacanthocereus]]

Polaskia

2026-04-22T10:28:11Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Polaskia | image = Polaskia_chichipe.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Polaskia''' | authority = Backeb. (1949) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Gibson & Horak (1978), Terrazas (2000), and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011). }} == Description == '''Polaskia''' is a genus of arborescent, candelabra-for..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Polaskia
| image = Polaskia_chichipe.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Polaskia'''
| authority = Backeb. (1949)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Gibson & Horak (1978), Terrazas (2000), and Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011).
}}

== Description ==
'''Polaskia''' is a genus of arborescent, candelabra-forming cacti.

* '''Habit''': Tree-like; densely branched; candelabriform.
* '''Height''': Up to ~5 m.
* '''Stems''': Light green to yellowish-green.
* '''Ribs''': 7–12; triangular; often slightly sinuous.
* '''Areoles''': Situated in depressions along ribs.
* '''Spines''': 3–8 radial spines; central spines usually absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, remaining open at night; self-sterile.
* '''Flower shape''': Tubular to funnel-shaped or bell-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': White to creamy white; sometimes tinged pink or greenish-yellow.
* '''Pollination''': By bees (Hymenoptera), hummingbirds, bats, and occasionally sphingid moths.
* '''Fruits''': Small, spherical, berry-like; fleshy and juicy; dark red when ripe; edible.
* '''Seeds''': Small; hat-shaped; black; matte; tuberculate and striate.
* '''Seed dispersal''': By birds and small mammals.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in xerophytic environments:

* dry scrub (matorral)
* plains and steep slopes
* clay and limestone soils
* associated with spiny shrubs and other succulents

Altitude range: approximately 1500–2300+ m.

== Distribution ==
Mexico:

* Oaxaca
* Puebla

== Taxonomy ==
A genus with a history of reclassification based on morphology and molecular data.

Key points:

* Originally described as ''Cereus'' species (1905)
* Later split into ''Heliabravoa'' and ''Polaskia'' (Backeberg, 1949)
* Unified under ''Polaskia'' by Gibson & Horak (1978)
* Temporarily included in ''Myrtillocactus'' (Hunt & Taylor, 1990)
* Later re-separated (Hunt, 1999)
* Molecular studies (Terrazas, 2000; Hernández-Hernández et al., 2011) confirm distinct monophyletic status
* Shows affinities with both ''Myrtillocactus'' and ''Stenocereus''

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Polaskia chende]]
* [[Polaskia chichipe]]

== Notes ==
* Considered a relatively "primitive" lineage within its group.
* Economically important locally due to edible fruits.
* Exhibits broad pollination strategy (insects, birds, bats).
* Phylogenetically positioned between ''Stenocereus'' species in some analyses.
* Morphologically similar to ''Myrtillocactus'', but genetically distinct.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Polaskia]]

Peniocereus

2026-04-22T10:12:05Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Peniocereus | image = Peniocereus_greggii.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Peniocereus''' | authority = (A.Berger) Britton & Rose (1909) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arias et al. (2005), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Hunt (1998, 2000). }} == Etymology == The name means "tail cactus", re..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Peniocereus
| image = Peniocereus_greggii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Peniocereus'''
| authority = (A.Berger) Britton & Rose (1909)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Arias et al. (2005), Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011), and Hunt (1998, 2000).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "tail cactus", referring to the long, slender, trailing stems.

== Description ==
'''Peniocereus''' is a genus of shrubby cacti with thin, elongated stems and large underground storage roots.

* '''Habit''': Shrubby; prostrate to semi-erect; often supported by surrounding vegetation.
* '''Stems''': Slender, ribbed; up to ~4 m long; papillose or tomentose epidermis.
* '''Branching''': Sparse; stems often appear filamentous.
* '''Roots''': Tuberous or napiform; often very large relative to the plant.
* '''Spines''': Small, fine, acicular; sometimes appressed.
* '''Growth form''': Monomorphic (juvenile and adult stems similar).
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal or nocturnal depending on species; large; self-sterile.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped with long, slender tube bearing bristles or spines.
* '''Flower color''': Mostly white to off-white; sometimes red, pink, or purple.
* '''Pollination''': By sphingid moths (Sphingidae) and hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Ovoid to pear-shaped; fleshy; bright red with red pulp; with bristles and deciduous spines.
* '''Seeds''': Ovate; black; rough-textured.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in a variety of arid to semi-arid environments:

* limestone and sandy soils
* alluvial plains
* rocky outcrops and cliffs
* deciduous dry forests
* shrublands and coastal zones

Often grows under or among shrubs (e.g. ''Larrea'', ''Prosopis'') for support and protection.

Altitude range: from sea level to ~1500 m.

== Distribution ==
North America:

* Mexico (widespread across multiple states)
* United States (Arizona, southern New Mexico, southern Texas)

== Taxonomy ==
A complex genus with significant redefinition based on molecular data.

Key points:

* Historically included taxa from ''Nyctocereus'', ''Cullmannia'', and ''Neoevansia''
* Hunt & Taylor (1991): partial reclassification of ''Nyctocereus'' species
* Arias et al. (2005): demonstrated polyphyly of ''Peniocereus'' sensu lato
* ''Nyctocereus serpentinus'' separated again as a distinct lineage
* Subgenus ''Pseudoacanthocereus'' shown to belong within ''Acanthocereus''
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): confirmed paraphyly of expanded concept
* Strong phylogenetic link between some former ''Peniocereus'' taxa and Hylocereeae

'''Peniocereus sensu stricto''' is retained as a valid genus in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Peniocereus diguetii]]
* [[Peniocereus greggii]]
* [[Peniocereus hoockeanus]] (nom. inval.)
* [[Peniocereus johnstonii]]
* [[Peniocereus lazaro-cardenasii]]
* [[Peniocereus marianus]]
* [[Peniocereus striatus]]
* [[Peniocereus viperinus]]
* [[Peniocereus zopilotensis]]

== Notes ==
* Notable for massive underground tuberous roots relative to small aerial stems.
* Often nearly invisible in habitat except during flowering.
* Large flowers contrast strongly with delicate stems.
* Represents a refined, restricted lineage after removal of unrelated taxa.
* Strong evolutionary links to ''Acanthocereus'' in excluded groups.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Peniocereus]]

Marshallocereus

2026-04-22T08:33:50Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Marshallocereus | image = Marshallocereus_aragonii.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Cereeae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Marshallocereus''' | authority = Backeb. emend. Lodé | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Backeberg (1950), Terrazas (2000), Arias & Terrazas (2006), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011). }} == Etymology == Name..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Marshallocereus
| image = Marshallocereus_aragonii.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cereeae]]
| subtribe = [[Echinocereinae]]
| genus = '''Marshallocereus'''
| authority = Backeb. emend. Lodé
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Backeberg (1950), Terrazas (2000), Arias & Terrazas (2006), Nyffeler & Eggli (2010), and Bàrcenas et al. (2011).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honour of William Taylor Marshall (1886–1957), American botanist and co-founder of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America.

== Description ==
'''Marshallocereus''' is a genus of vigorous, tree-like columnar cacti.

* '''Habit''': Arborescent; branching from the base; usually without a distinct trunk.
* '''Stems''': Erect, columnar; dark green, shiny; often with waxy coating forming a V-pattern in new growth.
* '''Ribs''': 6–10; thick, rounded.
* '''Areoles''': Small; with brown to grey wool.
* '''Spines''': 4–6 radial spines (short, acicular); 1–3 central spines slightly longer.
* '''Flowers''': Nocturnal; funnel-shaped; self-sterile.
* '''Flower color''': Outer tepals greenish to purplish; inner tepals pinkish-white to deep pink.
* '''Floral structures''': Tuberculate and scaly floral tube.
* '''Pollination''': By bats (e.g. ''Glossophaga'' spp.); flowers produce abundant nectar.
* '''Fruits''': Large, ovoid; dry at maturity; dehiscent into segments; with persistent spines.
* '''Fruit pulp''': White or red.
* '''Seed dispersal''': Primarily by birds (ornithochory).
* '''Seeds''': Large, black, smooth, glossy.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in tropical dry environments:

* semi-arid regions
* volcanic landscapes
* dry deciduous forests
* rocky slopes and river margins
* coastal proximity

Altitude range: from sea level to ~50 m (possibly higher).

== Distribution ==
Central America:

* Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas)
* El Salvador (Cuscatlán, Sonsonate, San Miguel, La Unión)
* Guatemala (multiple departments)
* Honduras (Yoro)
* Mexico (Chiapas)
* Nicaragua (León, Madriz)
* Panama

== Taxonomy ==
A re-established genus with complex systematic history.

Key points:

* Originally described within ''Cereus'' (type: ''Cereus aragonii'')
* Later included in ''Stenocereus'' sensu lato
* Morphological and anatomical studies (Terrazas 2000; Arias & Terrazas 2006) indicated separation
* Seed morphology studies (Arroyo-Cosultchi et al. 2006) showed clear differences from ''Stenocereus''
* Similarities noted with ''Pachycereus'', but without sufficient support for inclusion
* Nyffeler & Eggli (2010): clarified broader phylogenetic relationships within Cactaceae
* Guiggi (2012): reinstated ''Marshallocereus'' and proposed subspecific treatment

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Marshallocereus aragonii]]
* [[Marshallocereus aragonii subsp. eichlamii]] (doubtful)

== Notes ==
* Represents a lineage formerly embedded in ''Stenocereus''.
* Strong seed morphology signal supporting separation.
* Likely bat-pollinated with bird-dispersed fruits.
* Possible broader distribution than currently confirmed.
* Widely used locally for living fences (quickset hedges).

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cereeae]]
[[Category:Echinocereinae]]
[[Category:Marshallocereus]]

Pfeiffera

2026-04-22T07:59:35Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Pfeiffera | image = Pfeiffera_iantothele.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Corryocactinae | genus = '''Pfeiffera''' | authority = Salm-Dyck (1845) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Nyffeler (2000, 2002), Korotkova et al. (2010), and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010). }} == Etymology == Named in honour of Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer (1805–1..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Pfeiffera
| image = Pfeiffera_iantothele.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Phyllocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Corryocactinae]]
| genus = '''Pfeiffera'''
| authority = Salm-Dyck (1845)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Nyffeler (2000, 2002), Korotkova et al. (2010), and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honour of Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer (1805–1877), German physician, botanist, and author of ''Enumeratio Cactearum''.

== Description ==
'''Pfeiffera''' is a genus of primarily epiphytic cacti with highly variable stem morphology.

* '''Habit''': Epiphytic, epilithic, or occasionally terrestrial; erect to pendulous.
* '''Stems''': Branched; segments variable in size and shape; cylindrical, angled, or flattened; non-tuberculate.
* '''Branching''': Mesotonic (branching from the middle of segments).
* '''Areoles''': Marginal; bearing small scales.
* '''Spines''': Small; setose to acicular.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; lateral; sometimes numerous.
* '''Flower shape''': Funnel-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': Yellowish, orange, or white.
* '''Reproduction''': Sometimes self-fertile.
* '''Pollination''': By insects and hummingbirds.
* '''Fruits''': Globose; spiny, setose or naked; translucent and veined; variable in color (whitish to red-orange); sometimes retaining perianth remnants.
* '''Seeds''': Black, shiny, elongated; with a characteristic long or branched funicle.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in montane environments:

* epiphytic on trees
* epilithic on rocks
* humus pockets in rocky habitats
* associated with bromeliads, orchids, and ferns

Altitude range: approximately 600–2700 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán)
* Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)

== Taxonomy ==
A historically controversial genus with significant reclassification.

Key points:

* Initially placed within Rhipsalideae (Britton & Rose, Buxbaum)
* Sometimes included in ''Rhipsalis'' or ''Lepismium'' (Barthlott, Anderson)
* Molecular studies (Nyffeler, 2000) showed it is not related to Rhipsalideae
* Positioned within Corryocactinae, closer to Andean lineages
* Inclusion in ''Lepismium'' would render it paraphyletic
* Korotkova et al. (2010): clarified generic limits
* ''Lymanbensonia'' separated as a distinct lineage (Korotkova, 2011)

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
According to Joël Lodé (2015):

* [[Pfeiffera asuntapatensis]]
* [[Pfeiffera boliviana]]
* [[Pfeiffera ianthothele]]
* [[Pfeiffera miyagawae]]
* [[Pfeiffera monacantha]]
* [[Pfeiffera monacantha subsp. kimnachii]]
* [[Pfeiffera paranganiensis]]

== Notes ==
* Strong morphological convergence with Rhipsalideae genera.
* Distinct evolutionary lineage despite epiphytic habit.
* Characteristic seed morphology (elongated with funicle) is diagnostic.
* Important example of molecular data correcting morphology-based taxonomy.
* Closely linked to Andean cloud forest ecosystems.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Phyllocacteae]]
[[Category:Corryocactinae]]
[[Category:Pfeiffera]]

Yavia

2026-04-22T07:56:29Z

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Yavia | image = Yavia_cryptocarpa.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Notocacteae | subtribe = Notocactinae | genus = '''Yavia''' | authority = R.Kiesling & J.Piltz (2001) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Kiesling & Piltz (2001), Nyffeler (2002), Ritz et al. (2007), and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010). }} == Etymology == Named after Yavi, a locality in Jujuy Provinc..."

{{Taxobox
| name = Yavia
| image = Yavia_cryptocarpa.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Notocacteae]]
| subtribe = [[Notocactinae]]
| genus = '''Yavia'''
| authority = R.Kiesling & J.Piltz (2001)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with reference to Kiesling & Piltz (2001), Nyffeler (2002), Ritz et al. (2007), and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010).
}}

== Etymology ==
Named after Yavi, a locality in Jujuy Province, Argentina, near the Bolivian border.

== Description ==
'''Yavia''' is a monotypic genus of extremely small, geophytic cacti adapted to high-altitude desert environments.

* '''Habit''': Solitary; geophytic; mostly subterranean.
* '''Size''': Up to ~3 cm in diameter.
* '''Roots''': Long napiform root.
* '''Stems''': Depressed; apex umbilicate; largely hidden below ground.
* '''Ribs''': Numerous (up to ~40), poorly defined.
* '''Tubercles''': Low, barely distinguishable.
* '''Areoles''': Very small.
* '''Spines''': Tiny, pectinate, inconspicuous.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal; apical; bell-shaped.
* '''Flower color''': White to pink.
* '''Reproduction''': Self-sterile.
* '''Pollination''': By insects.
* '''Fruits''': Turbinate; sunken into the plant; basally dehiscent; perianth remains deciduous.
* '''Seeds''': Few (4–25 per fruit); dark brown to black; finely tuberculate; prominent hilum.
* '''Special trait''': Cryptic fruiting—fruits remain hidden within the plant body.

== Habitat ==
Occurs in extreme high-altitude desert conditions:

* rocky slopes with minimal vegetation
* friable sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
* full sun exposure; occasionally partial shade

Altitude range: approximately 3600–3800 m.

== Distribution ==
South America:

* Argentina (Jujuy)
* Bolivia (Santa Cruz)

Not strictly endemic to Argentina, as previously thought.

== Taxonomy ==
A highly distinct and phylogenetically important genus.

Key points:

* Described by Kiesling & Piltz (2001)
* Placed within Notocacteae by multiple molecular studies (Nyffeler 2002; Ritz et al. 2007; Crozier 2005)
* Closely related to ''Neowerdermannia'' and ''Rimacactus''
* Clearly separated from ''Eriosyce'' sensu lato
* Not related to ''Blossfeldia'' or ''Cintia'' despite superficial similarities
* Nyffeler & Eggli (2010): confirmed its isolated lineage within Notocacteae

The genus is accepted as distinct in Lodé (2015).

== Species ==
Monotypic genus:

* [[Yavia cryptocarpa]]

== Notes ==
* One of the most cryptic and well-camouflaged cacti.
* Geophytic habit provides protection against extreme environmental conditions.
* Fruit remains hidden inside the plant—an unusual reproductive strategy.
* Strong adaptation to high-altitude desert ecosystems.
* Represents a highly specialized and isolated evolutionary lineage.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Notocacteae]]
[[Category:Notocactinae]]
[[Category:Yavia]]