Parodia - Revision history

Badmin at 13:17, 15 April 2026

2026-04-15T13:17:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 15 April 2026
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	{{Taxobox		{{Taxobox
	\| name = Parodia		\| name = Parodia
	\| image = ~~Parodia_nivosa~~.jpg		\| image = Parodia_microsperma.jpg
	\| kingdom = [[Plantae]]		\| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
	\| family = [[Cactaceae]]		\| family = [[Cactaceae]]
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	\| genus = '''Parodia'''		\| genus = '''Parodia'''
	\| authority = Spegazzini (1923)		\| authority = Spegazzini (1923)
	\| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). ~~Strictly defined to exclude Notocactus, following~~ the ~~morphology of seeds and flowers~~.		\| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The genus is treated here in the strict sense (''Parodia sensu stricto'').
	}}		}}

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
	~~Named~~ in ~~honor~~ of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi, ~~a prominent~~ Argentine botanist.		The genus is named in honour of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi (1895–1966), an Argentine agricultural engineer and botanist.

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	'''Parodia''' ~~consists~~ of small to ~~medium globose~~ cacti, ~~often famous for their incredibly dense and colorful spination~~.		'''Parodia''' is a genus of small globose to shortly columnar cacti, solitary or forming clumps, with a depressed apex.
	* '''Stems''': ~~Typically globose~~, ~~sometimes becoming shortly cylindrical. Many species have spiraled ribs~~.
	* '''Spines''': ~~Often very dense~~, ~~covering the entire body. Central spines are frequently~~ hooked.		* '''Stems''': Globose to short columnar, ribbed or tuberculate.
	* '''Flowers''': ~~Brightly colored (yellow~~, ~~orange, red)~~, funnel-shaped, ~~and appear at~~ the apex.		* '''Spines''': Straight, curved, or hooked.
	* '''~~Seeds~~''': ~~Very small~~, ~~often with a smooth testa~~, ~~which distinguishes them from~~ ''~~Notocactus~~''.		* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, usually self-sterile, funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, appearing near the apex; yellow, orange or red.
			* '''Fruits''': Small, globose to cylindrical, dry or semi-dry, woolly, dehiscing basally.
			* '''Seeds''': Small, black or brown, reticulate; dispersal mainly by ants (myrmecochory) or water (hydrochory).

	== Distribution ==		== Distribution ==
	South America: Bolivia, ~~northern Argentina~~, ~~Paraguay~~, and ~~southern Brazil~~.		* '''South America''':
			Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán),
			Bolivia (Cochabamba, Tarija)

			== Habitat ==
			The genus grows in diverse environments, including rocky slopes, valleys (''quebradas''), and among shrubs, from about 1000 to 2500 m altitude. Some species tolerate strong nocturnal frosts.

			== Taxonomy ==
			The genus ''Parodia'' was established by Spegazzini in 1923.

			The delimitation of the genus has been controversial. Some authors included ''Notocactus'', ''Wigginsia'', and related genera within a broad ''Parodia'', but this concept is considered problematic and polyphyletic.

			According to Joël Lodé (2015), ''Parodia sensu stricto'' is a distinct genus defined primarily by floral and seed morphology.

			Molecular studies have shown complex relationships within the group, and classification remains subject to revision.

	== Species ==		== Species ==
	Following the ~~strict~~ classification of Joël Lodé (~~2015–2019~~).		Following the classification of Joël Lodé (2015).
	* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]
	* [[Parodia aureicentra]]
	* [[Parodia ayopayana]]		* [[Parodia ayopayana]]
	* [[Parodia ~~comarapana~~]]		* [[Parodia chrysacanthion]]
	* [[Parodia formosa]]		* [[Parodia formosa]]
	* [[Parodia ~~glischrocarpa~~]]		* [[Parodia gibbulosoides]]
	* [[Parodia ~~maassii~~]]		* [[Parodia horrida]]
	* [[Parodia microsperma~~]] ''(type species)''~~		* [[Parodia microsperma]]
	** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]
	* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]
	* [[Parodia nivosa]]		* [[Parodia nivosa]]
	* [[Parodia ocampoi]]
	* [[Parodia penicillata]]		* [[Parodia penicillata]]
	* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]
	* [[Parodia tuberculata]]		== Notes ==
	** [[Parodia ~~tuberculata subsp~~. ~~borealis]]~~		* The genus is treated here in a strict sense (s.s.), excluding taxa often included in broader concepts of ''Parodia''.
	* ~~[[Parodia uhligiana]]~~		* The broader concept (s.l.) including ''Notocactus'' and others remains controversial.
	* [[Parodia weberiana]]		* Future molecular studies may further refine the limits of the genus.
	** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. ~~krahnii]]~~

	[[Category:Cactaceae]]		[[Category:Cactaceae]]
	[[Category:Cactoideae]]		[[Category:Cactoideae]]
	[[Category:Notocacteae]]		[[Category:Notocacteae]]
	~~[[Category:Notocactus]]~~
	[[Category:Parodia]]		[[Category:Parodia]]

Badmin at 14:26, 14 April 2026

2026-04-14T14:26:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:26, 14 April 2026
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	* [[Parodia weberiana]]		* [[Parodia weberiana]]
	** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]		** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]

			[[Category:Cactaceae]]
			[[Category:Cactoideae]]
			[[Category:Notocacteae]]
			[[Category:Notocactus]]
			[[Category:Parodia]]

Badmin at 14:24, 14 April 2026

2026-04-14T14:24:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:24, 14 April 2026
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	== Species ==		== Species ==
	Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015–2019).		Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015–2019).

	* [[Parodia alacriportana]]		* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
			** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
			** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
			** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]
	* [[Parodia aureicentra]]		* [[Parodia aureicentra]]
	* [[Parodia ayopayana]]		* [[Parodia ayopayana]]
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	* [[Parodia maassii]]		* [[Parodia maassii]]
	* [[Parodia microsperma]] ''(type species)''		* [[Parodia microsperma]] ''(type species)''
			** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]
	* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]		* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]
			** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
			** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]
	* [[Parodia nivosa]]		* [[Parodia nivosa]]
	* [[Parodia ocampoi]]		* [[Parodia ocampoi]]
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	* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]		* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]
	* [[Parodia tuberculata]]		* [[Parodia tuberculata]]
			** [[Parodia tuberculata subsp. borealis]]
	* [[Parodia uhligiana]]		* [[Parodia uhligiana]]
	* [[Parodia weberiana]]		* [[Parodia weberiana]]
			** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]
	~~== Subspecies ==~~
	* ~~[[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]~~
	* [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
	* [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]

	* [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]

	* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
	* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]

	* [[Parodia tuberculata subsp. borealis]]

	* [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]

Badmin at 14:21, 14 April 2026

2026-04-14T14:21:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:21, 14 April 2026
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	== Distribution ==		== Distribution ==
	* '''South America~~'''~~: ~~Primarily the highland regions of~~ Bolivia and ~~Northern Argentina~~.		South America: Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil.

	=== Species ~~and Subspecies List =~~==		== Species ==
	''Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (~~2015~~). ~~Total: 31 species and 9 subspecies.''~~		Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015–2019).

	* [[Parodia alacriportana]]		* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]
	* [[Parodia aureicentra]]		* [[Parodia aureicentra]]
	* [[Parodia ayopayana]]		* [[Parodia ayopayana]]
	* [[Parodia chrysacanthion]]
	* [[Parodia columnaris]]
	* [[Parodia comarapana]]		* [[Parodia comarapana]]
	* [[Parodia commutans]]
	* [[Parodia compressa]]
	* [[Parodia faustiana]]
	* [[Parodia formosa]]		* [[Parodia formosa]]
	* [[Parodia glischrocarpa]]		* [[Parodia glischrocarpa]]
	* [[Parodia ~~hausteiniana~~]]		* [[Parodia maassii]]
	* ~~[[Parodia heteracantha]]~~		* [[Parodia microsperma]] ''(type species)''
	* [[Parodia mairanana]]		* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]
	* '''[[Parodia microsperma]]''' (~~Type~~ species)
	** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]
	* '''~~[[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]'''~~
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii ~~subsp. winkleri]]~~
	* [[Parodia mutabilis]]
	* [[Parodia nivosa]]		* [[Parodia nivosa]]
	* [[Parodia ocampoi]]		* [[Parodia ocampoi]]
	* [[Parodia otaviana]]
	* [[Parodia penicillata]]		* [[Parodia penicillata]]
	* [[Parodia procera]]
	* [[Parodia ritteri]]
	* [[Parodia saint-pieana]]
	* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]		* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]
	* ~~[[Parodia stuemeri]]~~		* [[Parodia tuberculata]]
	* [[Parodia taratensis]]
	* [[Parodia tucumanensis]]
	* '''[[Parodia tuberculata~~]]'''~~
	** [[Parodia tuberculata subsp. borealis]]
	* [[Parodia uhligiana]]		* [[Parodia uhligiana]]
	* ~~'''~~[[Parodia weberiana]]~~'''~~		* [[Parodia weberiana]]
	** [[Parodia ~~weberiana~~ subsp. ~~krahnii~~]]
	* ~~'''~~[[Parodia ~~werneri~~]]~~'''~~		== Subspecies ==
	** [[Parodia ~~werneri~~ subsp. ~~pleiocephala~~]]		* [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
			* [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
			* [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]

			* [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]

			* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
			* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]

			* [[Parodia tuberculata subsp. borealis]]

			* [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]

Badmin: /* Species and Subspecies List */

2026-04-14T13:47:05Z

Species and Subspecies List

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 14 April 2026
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	=== Species and Subspecies List ===		=== Species and Subspecies List ===
	''Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015). Total: 31 species and 12 subspecies.''		''Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015). Total: 31 species and 9 subspecies.''

	* [[Parodia alacriportana]]		* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
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	* '''[[Parodia weberiana]]'''		* '''[[Parodia weberiana]]'''
	** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]		** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]
	* [[Parodia werneri]]		* '''[[Parodia werneri]]'''
	** [[Parodia werneri subsp. pleiocephala]]		** [[Parodia werneri subsp. pleiocephala]]

Badmin: /* Species and Subspecies List */

2026-04-14T13:45:43Z

Species and Subspecies List

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 14 April 2026
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	=== Species and Subspecies List ===		=== Species and Subspecies List ===
			''Following the strict classification of Joël Lodé (2015). Total: 31 species and 12 subspecies.''

	* [[Parodia alacriportana]]		* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
	** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]		** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
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	* '''[[Parodia microsperma]]''' (Type species)		* '''[[Parodia microsperma]]''' (Type species)
	** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]		** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]
	* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]		* '''[[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]'''
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]		** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
	** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]		** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]
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	* '''[[Parodia weberiana]]'''		* '''[[Parodia weberiana]]'''
	** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]		** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]
			* [[Parodia werneri]]
	[[~~Category:Cactaceae]]~~		** [[Parodia werneri subsp. pleiocephala]]
	~~[[Category:Cactoideae]]~~
	~~[[Category:Notocacteae~~]]
	[[~~Category:~~Parodia]]

Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Parodia | image = Parodia_nivosa.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Notocacteae | genus = '''Parodia''' | authority = Spegazzini (1923) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Strictly defined to exclude Notocactus, following the morphology of seeds and flowers. }} == Etymology == Named in honor of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi, a prominent Argentine botanist. == Description == '''Parodia'..."

2026-04-14T13:43:03Z

Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Parodia | image = Parodia_nivosa.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Notocacteae | genus = '''Parodia''' | authority = Spegazzini (1923) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Strictly defined to exclude Notocactus, following the morphology of seeds and flowers. }} == Etymology == Named in honor of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi, a prominent Argentine botanist. == Description == '''Parodia'..."

New page

{{Taxobox
| name = Parodia
| image = Parodia_nivosa.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Notocacteae]]
| genus = '''Parodia'''
| authority = Spegazzini (1923)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Strictly defined to exclude Notocactus, following the morphology of seeds and flowers.
}}

== Etymology ==
Named in honor of Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi, a prominent Argentine botanist.

== Description ==
'''Parodia''' consists of small to medium globose cacti, often famous for their incredibly dense and colorful spination.
* '''Stems''': Typically globose, sometimes becoming shortly cylindrical. Many species have spiraled ribs.
* '''Spines''': Often very dense, covering the entire body. Central spines are frequently hooked.
* '''Flowers''': Brightly colored (yellow, orange, red), funnel-shaped, and appear at the apex.
* '''Seeds''': Very small, often with a smooth testa, which distinguishes them from ''Notocactus''.

== Distribution ==
* '''South America''': Primarily the highland regions of Bolivia and Northern Argentina.

=== Species and Subspecies List ===
* [[Parodia alacriportana]]
** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata]]
** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis]]
** [[Parodia alacriportana subsp. magurensis]]
* [[Parodia aureicentra]]
* [[Parodia ayopayana]]
* [[Parodia chrysacanthion]]
* [[Parodia columnaris]]
* [[Parodia comarapana]]
* [[Parodia commutans]]
* [[Parodia compressa]]
* [[Parodia faustiana]]
* [[Parodia formosa]]
* [[Parodia glischrocarpa]]
* [[Parodia hausteiniana]]
* [[Parodia heteracantha]]
* [[Parodia mairanana]]
* '''[[Parodia microsperma]]''' (Type species)
** [[Parodia microsperma subsp. horrida]]
* [[Parodia mueller-melchersii]]
** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. gutierrezii]]
** [[Parodia mueller-melchersii subsp. winkleri]]
* [[Parodia mutabilis]]
* [[Parodia nivosa]]
* [[Parodia ocampoi]]
* [[Parodia otaviana]]
* [[Parodia penicillata]]
* [[Parodia procera]]
* [[Parodia ritteri]]
* [[Parodia saint-pieana]]
* [[Parodia schwebsiana]]
* [[Parodia stuemeri]]
* [[Parodia taratensis]]
* [[Parodia tucumanensis]]
* '''[[Parodia tuberculata]]'''
** [[Parodia tuberculata subsp. borealis]]
* [[Parodia uhligiana]]
* '''[[Parodia weberiana]]'''
** [[Parodia weberiana subsp. krahnii]]

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Notocacteae]]
[[Category:Parodia]]