Badmin: Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Turbinicarpus | image = Turbinicarpus_alonsoi.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Cacteae | genus = '''Turbinicarpus''' | authority = (Backeb.) Buxbaum & Backeberg (1937) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Butterworth et al. (2002), Crozier (2005), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013). }} == Etymology == The name means "top fruit", referring to the chara..."

2026-04-19T07:56:44Z

Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Turbinicarpus | image = Turbinicarpus_alonsoi.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Cacteae | genus = '''Turbinicarpus''' | authority = (Backeb.) Buxbaum & Backeberg (1937) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Butterworth et al. (2002), Crozier (2005), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013). }} == Etymology == The name means "top fruit", referring to the chara..."

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{{Taxobox
| name = Turbinicarpus
| image = Turbinicarpus_alonsoi.jpg
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
| subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
| tribe = [[Cacteae]]
| genus = '''Turbinicarpus'''
| authority = (Backeb.) Buxbaum & Backeberg (1937)
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015) with molecular insights from Butterworth et al. (2002), Crozier (2005), and Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013).
}}

== Etymology ==
The name means "top fruit", referring to the characteristic top-shaped (inverted cone) fruits.

== Description ==
'''Turbinicarpus''' is a genus of very small, often cryptic cacti, many of which exhibit neotenic characteristics.

* '''Habit''': Globose, flattened or slightly elongated; usually solitary, sometimes clustering.
* '''Ribs''': Absent.
* '''Tubercles''': Low, rounded to conical or deltoid.
* '''Areoles''': Apical, often woolly; axils shallow.
* '''Spines''': Few, flexible, often weak or absent.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, funnel-shaped; white, cream, yellowish, pink to magenta; self-sterile.
* '''Fruits''': Berry-like, top-shaped; dehiscence variable.
* '''Seeds''': Black, tuberculate, with large hilum.

== Habitat ==
Highly specialized and mimetic plants:

* limestone, gypsum, clay, granite, shale and humus soils
* rock crevices, slopes, hills and mountainous areas
* often partially buried and extremely difficult to detect in habitat

Altitude range: approximately 800–2600 m.

== Distribution ==
Endemic to Mexico:

* Coahuila
* Guanajuato
* Hidalgo
* Nuevo León
* Querétaro
* San Luis Potosí
* Tamaulipas
* Zacatecas

== Taxonomy ==
The genus has undergone extensive taxonomic instability.

Historically associated genera include:
''Gymnocactus'', ''Rapicactus'', ''Kadenicarpus'', ''Normanbokea'', ''Pseudosolisia'' and others.

Key points:

* Barthlott & Hunt (1993): supported separation from ''Neolloydia''
* Butterworth et al. (2002): placed ''Turbinicarpus'' in the "AEPT" clade
* Crozier (2005): refined this to "ATES" (including ''Strombocactus'')
* Hernández-Hernández et al. (2011): confirmed this lineage
* Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013): demonstrated that ''Turbinicarpus'' is polyphyletic

Three main lineages:

* '''Turbinicarpus s.s.''' (incl. type species ''T. schmiedickeanus'')
* '''Rapicactus clade''' (segregated as separate genus)
* '''Bl clade''' (problematic group incl. ''T. horripilus'', ''T. pseudomacrochele'')

The genus is therefore treated as '''provisionally accepted'''.

== Species ==
Following Joël Lodé (2015), with recognized species and subspecies.

* [[Turbinicarpus alonsoi]]
* [[Turbinicarpus bonatzii]]
* [[Turbinicarpus gielsdorfianus]]
* [[Turbinicarpus graminispinus]]
* [[Turbinicarpus hoferi]]
* [[Turbinicarpus horripilus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus horripilus subsp. wrobelianus]]
* [[Turbinicarpus jauernigii]]
* [[Turbinicarpus laui]]
* [[Turbinicarpus lophophoroides]]
* [[Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele]]
** [[Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. krainzianus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. minimus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. lausseri]]
* [[Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus subsp. jarmilae]]
* [[Turbinicarpus saueri]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. gonzalezii]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. knuthianus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. nelissae]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. nieblae]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. septentrionalis]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. verduzcoi]]
** [[Turbinicarpus saueri subsp. ysabelae]]
* [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. andersonii]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. dickisoniae]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. flaviflorus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. gracilis]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. klinkerianus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. macrochele]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. rioverdensis]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. rubriflorus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subsp. schwarzii]]
* [[Turbinicarpus swobodae]]
* [[Turbinicarpus valdezianus]]
* [[Turbinicarpus viereckii]]
** [[Turbinicarpus viereckii subsp. major]]
** [[Turbinicarpus viereckii subsp. neglectus]]
** [[Turbinicarpus viereckii subsp. reconditus]]

== Notes ==
* The genus shows extreme morphological variability.
* Neoteny is common — juvenile morphology persists in flowering plants.
* Natural hybrids occur (e.g. ''T. × mombergeri'').
* Some taxa may eventually be reassigned as phylogeny is refined.

[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Cactoideae]]
[[Category:Cacteae]]
[[Category:Turbinicarpus]]

Turbinicarpus - Revision history