Opuntia

From M&J Cactus Wiki
Opuntia
File:Opuntia ficus-indica.jpg
Kingdom Plantae
Family Cactaceae
Subfamily Opuntioideae
Tribe Opuntieae
SubTribe
Genus Opuntia
Species
Notes Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The largest genus in the subfamily Opuntioideae, characterized by flattened joints (cladodes).

Etymology

The name is derived from the ancient Greek city of Opus, where, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew and could be propagated by rooting its leaves.

Description

Opuntia, commonly known as "Prickly Pear," is one of the most recognizable and widespread cactus genera.

  • Stems: Composed of flattened, fleshy segments called cladodes (pads). They can be globose, but are typically oval or leaf-shaped.
  • Glochids: Small, barbed bristles found in the areoles. They are much more troublesome than the spines themselves, as they detach easily and irritate the skin.
  • Spines: Variable—some species are heavily armed, while others are nearly spineless.
  • Flowers: Large, diurnal, and typically yellow, orange, or red. They have numerous stamens that are sensitive to touch.
  • Fruits: Known as "tunas," they are fleshy berries, often edible, and can be green, yellow, or deep red.

Distribution

Originally from the Americas (from Canada to Argentina), but now naturalized in arid regions worldwide (Africa, Australia, Mediterranean).

Species and Subspecies List

Note: Due to the scale of this genus, Lodé recognizes 84 species. Below are the primary species according to his 2015 classification.

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