Mammillaria: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Mammillaria | image = Mammillaria_hahniana.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Cacteae | genus = '''Mammillaria''' | authority = Haworth (1812) | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The largest and most popular genus in the family Cactaceae. }} == Etymology == The name is derived from the Latin ''mammilla'' (nipple or teat), referring to the characteristic tubercles (mammillae) that..."
 
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== Classification by Joël Lodé ==
== Classification by Joël Lodé ==
Following the taxonomy of '''Joël Lodé (2015)''', the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes:
Following the taxonomy of '''Joël Lodé (2015)''', the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes **160 Species** and **149 Subspecies**.
* '''160 Species'''
* '''149 Subspecies'''


The genus is further divided into subgenera and sections based on seed morphology and floral structure:
== Species and Subspecies List ==
# '''Subgenus Mammillaria''' (The largest group)
''Note: Species with recognized subspecies are in bold.''
# '''Subgenus Phellosperma'''
# '''Subgenus Dolichothele'''
# '''Subgenus Cochemiea''' (Partial inclusion)


== Species List ==
* [[Mammillaria albicoma]]
''Note: Due to the large number of taxa, the species list is organized alphabetically and by sub-groups. See the sub-pages for detailed descriptions of each species.''
* [[Mammillaria albiflora]]
 
* '''[[Mammillaria albilanata]]'''
[[Mammillaria Species List (A-Z)]]
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. albilanata]]
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. oaxacana]]
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. reppenhagenii]]
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. tegelbergiana]]
* [[Mammillaria anniana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria aureilanata]]'''
** [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. aureilanata]]
** [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. alba]]
* '''[[Mammillaria backebergiana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. backebergiana]]
** [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. ernestii]]
* [[Mammillaria barbata]]
* [[Mammillaria baumii]]
* [[Mammillaria beneckei]]
* [[Mammillaria bertholdii]]
* [[Mammillaria blossfeldiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria bocasana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. bocasana]]
** [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. eschauzieri]]
* [[Mammillaria bocensis]]
* [[Mammillaria boelderliana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria bombycina]]'''
** [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. bombycina]]
** [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. perezdelarosae]]
* [[Mammillaria boolii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria brandegeei]]'''
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. brandegeei]]
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. gabbii]]
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. glareosa]]
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. lewisiana]]
* [[Mammillaria capensis]]
* [[Mammillaria carmenae]]
* [[Mammillaria carretii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria coahuilensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. coahuilensis]]
** [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. albiarmata]]
* '''[[Mammillaria columbiana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. columbiana]]
** [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria compressa]]'''
** [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. compressa]]
** [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. centralifera]]
* '''[[Mammillaria crinita]]'''
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. crinita]]
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. leucantha]]
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. wildii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria crucigera]]'''
** [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. crucigera]]
** [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. tlalocii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria decipiens]]'''
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. decipiens]]
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. albescens]]
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. camptotricha]]
* '''[[Mammillaria deherdtiana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. deherdtiana]]
** [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. dodsonii]]
* [[Mammillaria densispina]]
* '''[[Mammillaria dioica]]'''
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. dioica]]
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. angelensis]]
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. estebanensis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria discolor]]'''
** [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. discolor]]
** [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. esperanzaensis]]
* [[Mammillaria dixanthocentron]]
* [[Mammillaria duoformis]]
* [[Mammillaria duwei]]
* [[Mammillaria echinate]]
* [[Mammillaria eichlamii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria elongata]]'''
** [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. elongata]]
** [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. echinaria]]
* [[Mammillaria eriacantha]]
* [[Mammillaria erythrosperma]]
* [[Mammillaria evermanniana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria fittkaui]]'''
** [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. fittkaui]]
** [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. limonensis]]
* [[Mammillaria flavicentra]]
* '''[[Mammillaria formosa]]'''
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. formosa]]
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. chionocephala]]
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. microthele]]
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. pseudocrucigera]]
* [[Mammillaria gasseriana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria geminispina]]'''
** [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. geminispina]]
** [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. leucocentra]]
* [[Mammillaria gigantea]]
* '''[[Mammillaria glassii]]'''
** [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. glassii]]
** [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. ascensionis]]
* [[Mammillaria glochidiata]]
* [[Mammillaria grahamii]]
* [[Mammillaria grusonii]]
* [[Mammillaria guelzowiana]]
* [[Mammillaria guerreronis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria haageana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. haageana]]
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. conspicua]]
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. elegans]]
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. schmollii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria hahniana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. hahniana]]
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. bravoae]]
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. mendeliana]]
* [[Mammillaria hernandezii]]
* [[Mammillaria herrerae]]
* '''[[Mammillaria heyderi]]'''
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. heyderi]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. gaumeri]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. gummifera]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. hemisphaerica]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. macdougalii]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. meiacantha]]
* '''[[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli]]'''
** [[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli subsp. huitzilopochtli]]
** [[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli subsp. niduliformis]]
* [[Mammillaria humboldtii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria hutchisoniana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. hutchisoniana]]
** [[Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. louisae]]
* [[Mammillaria insularis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria jaliscana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria jaliscana subsp. jaliscana]]
** [[Mammillaria jaliscana subsp. zacatecasensis]]
* [[Mammillaria johnstonii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria karwinskiana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. karwinskiana]]
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. beiselii]]
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. collinsii]]
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. nejapensis]]
* [[Mammillaria klissingiana]]
* [[Mammillaria knippeliana]]
* [[Mammillaria kraehenbuehlii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria lasiacantha]]'''
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. lasiacantha]]
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. hyaline]]
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. magallanii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria laui]]'''
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. laui]]
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. dasyacantha]]
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. subducta]]
* [[Mammillaria lentis]]
* [[Mammillaria lindsayi]]
* [[Mammillaria lloydii]]
* [[Mammillaria longicoma]]
* '''[[Mammillaria longiflora]]'''
** [[Mammillaria longiflora subsp. longiflora]]
** [[Mammillaria longiflora subsp. stamperi]]
* [[Mammillaria longimamma]]
* [[Mammillaria luethyi]]
* [[Mammillaria magnifica]]
* [[Mammillaria magnimamma]]
* [[Mammillaria mainiae]]
* [[Mammillaria mammillaris]]
* [[Mammillaria marksiana]]
* [[Mammillaria mathildae]]
* [[Mammillaria matudae]]
* '''[[Mammillaria mazatlanensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. mazatlanensis]]
** [[Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. patonii]]
* [[Mammillaria melaleuca]]
* '''[[Mammillaria melanocentra]]'''
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. melanocentra]]
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. linaresensis]]
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. rubrograndis]]
* [[Mammillaria mercadensis]]
* [[Mammillaria meyranii]]
* [[Mammillaria microhelia]]
* [[Mammillaria mieheana]]
* [[Mammillaria moelleriana]]
* [[Mammillaria morganiana]]
* [[Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii]]
* [[Mammillaria multidigitata]]
* [[Mammillaria mystax]]
* [[Mammillaria napina]]
* [[Mammillaria neopalmeri]]
* [[Mammillaria nivosa]]
* '''[[Mammillaria nunezii]]'''
** [[Mammillaria nunezii subsp. nunezii]]
** [[Mammillaria nunezii subsp. bella]]
* [[Mammillaria orcuttii]]
* [[Mammillaria oteroi]]
* [[Mammillaria painteri]]
* [[Mammillaria parkinsonii]]
* [[Mammillaria pectinifera]]
* [[Mammillaria peninsularis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria pennispinosa]]'''
** [[Mammillaria pennispinosa subsp. pennispinosa]]
** [[Mammillaria pennispinosa subsp. nazasensis]]
* [[Mammillaria perbella]]
* '''[[Mammillaria perezdelarosae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria perezdelarosae subsp. perezdelarosae]]
** [[Mammillaria perezdelarosae subsp. andersoniana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria petrophila]]'''
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. petrophila]]
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. arida]]
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. baxteriana]]
* [[Mammillaria petterssonii]]
* [[Mammillaria phitauiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria picta]]'''
** [[Mammillaria picta subsp. picta]]
** [[Mammillaria picta subsp. viereckii]]
* [[Mammillaria pilispina]]
* [[Mammillaria plumosa]]
* '''[[Mammillaria polythele]]'''
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. polythele]]
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. durispina]]
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. obconella]]
* [[Mammillaria pottsii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria prolifera]]'''
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. prolifera]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. arachnoidea]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. haitiensis]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. texana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria rekoi]]'''
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. rekoi]]
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. aureispina]]
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. leptacantha]]
* [[Mammillaria rettigiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria rhodantha]]'''
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. rhodantha]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. aureicephala]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. fera-rubra]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. mccartenii]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. mollendorffiana]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. pringlei]]
* '''[[Mammillaria saboae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. saboae]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. goldii]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. haudeana]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. roczekii]]
* [[Mammillaria sanchez-mejoradae]]
* [[Mammillaria sartorii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria schiedeana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. schiedeana]]
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. dumetorum]]
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. giselae]]
* [[Mammillaria schumannii]]
* [[Mammillaria schwarzii]]
* [[Mammillaria scrippsiana]]
* [[Mammillaria sempervivi]]
* [[Mammillaria senilis]]
* [[Mammillaria sheldonii]]
* [[Mammillaria slevinii]]
* [[Mammillaria solisioides]]
* '''[[Mammillaria spinosissima]]'''
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. spinosissima]]
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. pilcayensis]]
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. tepoxtlana]]
* [[Mammillaria standleyi]]
* [[Mammillaria stella-de-tacubaya]]
* [[Mammillaria supertexta]]
* [[Mammillaria surculosa]]
* [[Mammillaria tayloriorum]]
* [[Mammillaria tepexicensis]]
* [[Mammillaria tetrancistra]]
* [[Mammillaria theresae]]
* '''[[Mammillaria thornberi]]'''
** [[Mammillaria thornberi subsp. thornberi]]
** [[Mammillaria thornberi subsp. yaquensis]]
* [[Mammillaria uncinata]]
* [[Mammillaria variaculeata]]
* '''[[Mammillaria vetula]]'''
** [[Mammillaria vetula subsp. vetula]]
** [[Mammillaria vetula subsp. magneticola]]
* [[Mammillaria viereckii]]
* [[Mammillaria viridiflora]]
* '''[[Mammillaria voburnensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria voburnensis subsp. voburnensis]]
** [[Mammillaria voburnensis subsp. eichlamii]]
* [[Mammillaria wagneriana]]
* [[Mammillaria weingartiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria wiesingeri]]'''
** [[Mammillaria wiesingeri subsp. wiesingeri]]
** [[Mammillaria wiesingeri subsp. apamensis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria winterae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria winterae subsp. winterae]]
** [[Mammillaria winterae subsp. aramberri]]
* '''[[Mammillaria wrightii]]'''
** [[Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wrightii]]
** [[Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wilcoxii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria xaltianguensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria xaltianguensis subsp. xaltianguensis]]
** [[Mammillaria xaltianguensis subsp. bambusiphila]]
* [[Mammillaria zeilmanniana]]
* [[Mammillaria zephyranthoides]]
* [[Mammillaria zeyeriana]]
* [[Mammillaria zopilotensis]]
* [[Mammillaria zublerae]]


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==

Latest revision as of 07:43, 10 April 2026

Mammillaria
File:Mammillaria hahniana.jpg
Kingdom Plantae
Family Cactaceae
Subfamily Cactoideae
Tribe Cacteae
SubTribe
Genus Mammillaria
Species
Notes Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The largest and most popular genus in the family Cactaceae.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin mammilla (nipple or teat), referring to the characteristic tubercles (mammillae) that cover the plant's body instead of ribs.

Description

Mammillaria is the most diverse and widely cultivated genus of cacti. It is defined by several unique morphological features that distinguish it from all other members of the tribe Cacteae.

Morphological Key Features

  • Tubercles (Mammillae): The plant body is covered in spirally arranged tubercles rather than ribs. These are organized in mathematical patterns (Fibonacci sequences).
  • Dimorphic Areoles: The areole is split into two distinct parts:
    • The Apex (Tip): Bears the spines.
    • The Axil (Base): Located between the tubercles, this is where flowers, fruits, and new offsets (branches) emerge.
  • Floral Ring: Flowers typically appear in a circular "crown" around the previous year's growth, rather than from the very top of the plant.
  • Sap: Species are often categorized by their sap:
    • Hydrochyle: With watery sap (mostly desert species).
    • Galactochyle: With milky latex (often more robust, mountain species).

Habitat and Ecology

Mammillarias are found in a vast range of environments—from coastal plains and limestone deserts to high-altitude pine forests. They have evolved incredible survival mechanisms, such as dense wool or hooked spines for protection and camouflage.

Distribution

  • Primary Center of Diversity: Mexico.
  • Extending to: Southwestern USA, Caribbean, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Classification by Joël Lodé

Following the taxonomy of Joël Lodé (2015), the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes **160 Species** and **149 Subspecies**.

Species and Subspecies List

Note: Species with recognized subspecies are in bold.

Taxonomy

Lodé rejects the extreme splitting of the genus but also excludes certain groups like Mammilloydia and Cochemiea (partially) based on modern molecular phylogenetics which show they are distinct lineages. His work in Volume 2 (pp. 6-111) remains the most comprehensive modern treatment of the genus.