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== Classification by Joël Lodé ==
== Classification by Joël Lodé ==
Following the taxonomy of '''Joël Lodé (2015)''', the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes:
Following the taxonomy of '''Joël Lodé (2015)''', the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes **160 Species** and **149 Subspecies**.
* '''160 Species'''
* '''149 Subspecies'''


The genus is further divided into subgenera and sections based on seed morphology and floral structure:
== Species and Subspecies List ==
# '''Subgenus Mammillaria''' (The largest group)
''Note: Species with recognized subspecies are in bold.''
# '''Subgenus Phellosperma'''
# '''Subgenus Dolichothele'''
# '''Subgenus Cochemiea''' (Partial inclusion)


=== Species List 1-20 ===
* [[Mammillaria albicoma]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
* [[Mammillaria albiflora]]
! Species !! Subspecies (according to Lodé)
* '''[[Mammillaria albilanata]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. albilanata]]
| [[Mammillaria albicoma]] || —
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. oaxacana]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. reppenhagenii]]
| [[Mammillaria albiflora]] || —
** [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. tegelbergiana]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria anniana]]
| [[Mammillaria albilanata]] ||
* '''[[Mammillaria aureilanata]]'''
* [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. albilanata]]
** [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. aureilanata]]
* [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. oaxacana]]
** [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. alba]]
* [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. reppenhagenii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria backebergiana]]'''
* [[Mammillaria albilanata subsp. tegelbergiana]]
** [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. backebergiana]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. ernestii]]
| [[Mammillaria anniana]] || —
* [[Mammillaria barbata]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria baumii]]
| [[Mammillaria aureilanata]] ||
* [[Mammillaria beneckei]]
* [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. aureilanata]]
* [[Mammillaria bertholdii]]
* [[Mammillaria aureilanata subsp. alba]]
* [[Mammillaria blossfeldiana]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria bocasana]]'''
| [[Mammillaria backebergiana]] ||
** [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. bocasana]]
* [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. backebergiana]]
** [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. eschauzieri]]
* [[Mammillaria backebergiana subsp. ernestii]]
* [[Mammillaria bocensis]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria boelderliana]]
| [[Mammillaria barbata]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria bombycina]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. bombycina]]
| [[Mammillaria baumii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. perezdelarosae]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria boolii]]
| [[Mammillaria beneckei]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria brandegeei]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. brandegeei]]
| [[Mammillaria bertholdii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. gabbii]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. glareosa]]
| [[Mammillaria blossfeldiana]] || —
** [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. lewisiana]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria capensis]]
| [[Mammillaria bocasana]] ||
* [[Mammillaria carmenae]]
* [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. bocasana]]
* [[Mammillaria carretii]]
* [[Mammillaria bocasana subsp. eschauzieri]]
* '''[[Mammillaria coahuilensis]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. coahuilensis]]
| [[Mammillaria bocensis]] || —
** [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. albiarmata]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria columbiana]]'''
| [[Mammillaria boelderliana]] || —
** [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. columbiana]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis]]
| [[Mammillaria bombycina]] ||
* '''[[Mammillaria compressa]]'''
* [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. bombycina]]
** [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. compressa]]
* [[Mammillaria bombycina subsp. perezdelarosae]]
** [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. centralifera]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria crinita]]'''
| [[Mammillaria boolii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. crinita]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. leucantha]]
| [[Mammillaria brandegeei]] ||
** [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. wildii]]
* [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. brandegeei]]
* '''[[Mammillaria crucigera]]'''
* [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. gabbii]]
** [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. crucigera]]
* [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. glareosa]]
** [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. tlalocii]]
* [[Mammillaria brandegeei subsp. lewisiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria decipiens]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. decipiens]]
| [[Mammillaria capensis]] || —
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. albescens]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. camptotricha]]
| [[Mammillaria carmenae]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria deherdtiana]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. deherdtiana]]
| [[Mammillaria carretii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. dodsonii]]
|}
* [[Mammillaria densispina]]
 
* '''[[Mammillaria dioica]]'''
=== Species List 21-50 ===
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. dioica]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. angelensis]]
! Species !! Subspecies (according to Lodé)
** [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. estebanensis]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria discolor]]'''
| [[Mammillaria coahuilensis]] ||
** [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. discolor]]
* [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. coahuilensis]]
** [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. esperanzaensis]]
* [[Mammillaria coahuilensis subsp. albiarmata]]
* [[Mammillaria dixanthocentron]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria duoformis]]
| [[Mammillaria columbiana]] ||
* [[Mammillaria duwei]]
* [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. columbiana]]
* [[Mammillaria echinate]]
* [[Mammillaria columbiana subsp. yucatanensis]]
* [[Mammillaria eichlamii]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria elongata]]'''
| [[Mammillaria compressa]] ||
** [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. elongata]]
* [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. compressa]]
** [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. echinaria]]
* [[Mammillaria compressa subsp. centralifera]]
* [[Mammillaria eriacantha]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria erythrosperma]]
| [[Mammillaria crinita]] ||
* [[Mammillaria evermanniana]]
* [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. crinita]]
* '''[[Mammillaria fittkaui]]'''
* [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. leucantha]]
** [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. fittkaui]]
* [[Mammillaria crinita subsp. wildii]]
** [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. limonensis]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria flavicentra]]
| [[Mammillaria crucigera]] ||
* '''[[Mammillaria formosa]]'''
* [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. crucigera]]
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. formosa]]
* [[Mammillaria crucigera subsp. tlalocii]]
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. chionocephala]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. microthele]]
| [[Mammillaria decipiens]] ||
** [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. pseudocrucigera]]
* [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. decipiens]]
* [[Mammillaria gasseriana]]
* [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. albescens]]
* '''[[Mammillaria geminispina]]'''
* [[Mammillaria decipiens subsp. camptotricha]]
** [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. geminispina]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. leucocentra]]
| [[Mammillaria deherdtiana]] ||
* [[Mammillaria gigantea]]
* [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. deherdtiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria glassii]]'''
* [[Mammillaria deherdtiana subsp. dodsonii]]
** [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. glassii]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. ascensionis]]
| [[Mammillaria densispina]] || —
* [[Mammillaria glochidiata]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria grahamii]]
| [[Mammillaria dioica]] ||
* [[Mammillaria grusonii]]
* [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. dioica]]
* [[Mammillaria guelzowiana]]
* [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. angelensis]]
* [[Mammillaria guerreronis]]
* [[Mammillaria dioica subsp. estebanensis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria haageana]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. haageana]]
| [[Mammillaria discolor]] ||
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. conspicua]]
* [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. discolor]]
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. elegans]]
* [[Mammillaria discolor subsp. esperanzaensis]]
** [[Mammillaria haageana subsp. schmollii]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria hahniana]]'''
| [[Mammillaria dixanthocentron]] || —
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. hahniana]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. bravoae]]
| [[Mammillaria duoformis]] || —
** [[Mammillaria hahniana subsp. mendeliana]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria hernandezii]]
| [[Mammillaria duwei]] || —
* [[Mammillaria herrerae]]
|-
* '''[[Mammillaria heyderi]]'''
| [[Mammillaria echinate]] || —
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. heyderi]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. gaumeri]]
| [[Mammillaria eichlamii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. gummifera]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. hemisphaerica]]
| [[Mammillaria elongata]] ||
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. macdougalii]]
* [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. elongata]]
** [[Mammillaria heyderi subsp. meiacantha]]
* [[Mammillaria elongata subsp. echinaria]]
* '''[[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli subsp. huitzilopochtli]]
| [[Mammillaria eriacantha]] || —
** [[Mammillaria huitzilopochtli subsp. niduliformis]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria humboldtii]]
| [[Mammillaria erythrosperma]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria hutchisoniana]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. hutchisoniana]]
| [[Mammillaria evermanniana]] || —
** [[Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. louisae]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria insularis]]
| [[Mammillaria fittkaui]] ||
* '''[[Mammillaria jaliscana]]'''
* [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. fittkaui]]
** [[Mammillaria jaliscana subsp. jaliscana]]
* [[Mammillaria fittkaui subsp. limonensis]]
** [[Mammillaria jaliscana subsp. zacatecasensis]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria johnstonii]]
| [[Mammillaria flavicentra]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria karwinskiana]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. karwinskiana]]
| [[Mammillaria formosa]] ||
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. beiselii]]
* [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. formosa]]
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. collinsii]]
* [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. chionocephala]]
** [[Mammillaria karwinskiana subsp. nejapensis]]
* [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. microthele]]
* [[Mammillaria klissingiana]]
* [[Mammillaria formosa subsp. pseudocrucigera]]
* [[Mammillaria knippeliana]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria kraehenbuehlii]]
| [[Mammillaria gasseriana]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria lasiacantha]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. lasiacantha]]
| [[Mammillaria geminispina]] ||
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. hyaline]]
* [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. geminispina]]
** [[Mammillaria lasiacantha subsp. magallanii]]
* [[Mammillaria geminispina subsp. leucocentra]]
* '''[[Mammillaria laui]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. laui]]
| [[Mammillaria gigantea]] || —
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. dasyacantha]]
|-
** [[Mammillaria laui subsp. subducta]]
| [[Mammillaria glassii]] ||
* [[Mammillaria lentis]]
* [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. glassii]]
* [[Mammillaria lindsayi]]
* [[Mammillaria glassii subsp. ascensionis]]
* [[Mammillaria lloydii]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria longicoma]]
| [[Mammillaria glochidiata]] || —
* '''[[Mammillaria longiflora]]'''
|-
** [[Mammillaria longiflora subsp. longiflora]]
| [[Mammillaria grahamii]] || —
** [[Mammillaria longiflora subsp. stamperi]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria longimamma]]
| [[Mammillaria grusonii]] || —
* [[Mammillaria luethyi]]
|-
* [[Mammillaria magnifica]]
| [[Mammillaria guelzowiana]] || —
* [[Mammillaria magnimamma]]
|}
* [[Mammillaria mainiae]]
 
* [[Mammillaria mammillaris]]
== Species List ==
* [[Mammillaria marksiana]]
''Note: Due to the large number of taxa, the species list is organized alphabetically and by sub-groups. See the sub-pages for detailed descriptions of each species.''
* [[Mammillaria mathildae]]
 
* [[Mammillaria matudae]]
[[Mammillaria Species List (A-Z)]]
* '''[[Mammillaria mazatlanensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. mazatlanensis]]
** [[Mammillaria mazatlanensis subsp. patonii]]
* [[Mammillaria melaleuca]]
* '''[[Mammillaria melanocentra]]'''
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. melanocentra]]
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. linaresensis]]
** [[Mammillaria melanocentra subsp. rubrograndis]]
* [[Mammillaria mercadensis]]
* [[Mammillaria meyranii]]
* [[Mammillaria microhelia]]
* [[Mammillaria mieheana]]
* [[Mammillaria moelleriana]]
* [[Mammillaria morganiana]]
* [[Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii]]
* [[Mammillaria multidigitata]]
* [[Mammillaria mystax]]
* [[Mammillaria napina]]
* [[Mammillaria neopalmeri]]
* [[Mammillaria nivosa]]
* '''[[Mammillaria nunezii]]'''
** [[Mammillaria nunezii subsp. nunezii]]
** [[Mammillaria nunezii subsp. bella]]
* [[Mammillaria orcuttii]]
* [[Mammillaria oteroi]]
* [[Mammillaria painteri]]
* [[Mammillaria parkinsonii]]
* [[Mammillaria pectinifera]]
* [[Mammillaria peninsularis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria pennispinosa]]'''
** [[Mammillaria pennispinosa subsp. pennispinosa]]
** [[Mammillaria pennispinosa subsp. nazasensis]]
* [[Mammillaria perbella]]
* '''[[Mammillaria perezdelarosae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria perezdelarosae subsp. perezdelarosae]]
** [[Mammillaria perezdelarosae subsp. andersoniana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria petrophila]]'''
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. petrophila]]
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. arida]]
** [[Mammillaria petrophila subsp. baxteriana]]
* [[Mammillaria petterssonii]]
* [[Mammillaria phitauiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria picta]]'''
** [[Mammillaria picta subsp. picta]]
** [[Mammillaria picta subsp. viereckii]]
* [[Mammillaria pilispina]]
* [[Mammillaria plumosa]]
* '''[[Mammillaria polythele]]'''
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. polythele]]
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. durispina]]
** [[Mammillaria polythele subsp. obconella]]
* [[Mammillaria pottsii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria prolifera]]'''
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. prolifera]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. arachnoidea]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. haitiensis]]
** [[Mammillaria prolifera subsp. texana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria rekoi]]'''
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. rekoi]]
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. aureispina]]
** [[Mammillaria rekoi subsp. leptacantha]]
* [[Mammillaria rettigiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria rhodantha]]'''
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. rhodantha]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. aureicephala]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. fera-rubra]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. mccartenii]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. mollendorffiana]]
** [[Mammillaria rhodantha subsp. pringlei]]
* '''[[Mammillaria saboae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. saboae]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. goldii]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. haudeana]]
** [[Mammillaria saboae subsp. roczekii]]
* [[Mammillaria sanchez-mejoradae]]
* [[Mammillaria sartorii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria schiedeana]]'''
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. schiedeana]]
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. dumetorum]]
** [[Mammillaria schiedeana subsp. giselae]]
* [[Mammillaria schumannii]]
* [[Mammillaria schwarzii]]
* [[Mammillaria scrippsiana]]
* [[Mammillaria sempervivi]]
* [[Mammillaria senilis]]
* [[Mammillaria sheldonii]]
* [[Mammillaria slevinii]]
* [[Mammillaria solisioides]]
* '''[[Mammillaria spinosissima]]'''
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. spinosissima]]
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. pilcayensis]]
** [[Mammillaria spinosissima subsp. tepoxtlana]]
* [[Mammillaria standleyi]]
* [[Mammillaria stella-de-tacubaya]]
* [[Mammillaria supertexta]]
* [[Mammillaria surculosa]]
* [[Mammillaria tayloriorum]]
* [[Mammillaria tepexicensis]]
* [[Mammillaria tetrancistra]]
* [[Mammillaria theresae]]
* '''[[Mammillaria thornberi]]'''
** [[Mammillaria thornberi subsp. thornberi]]
** [[Mammillaria thornberi subsp. yaquensis]]
* [[Mammillaria uncinata]]
* [[Mammillaria variaculeata]]
* '''[[Mammillaria vetula]]'''
** [[Mammillaria vetula subsp. vetula]]
** [[Mammillaria vetula subsp. magneticola]]
* [[Mammillaria viereckii]]
* [[Mammillaria viridiflora]]
* '''[[Mammillaria voburnensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria voburnensis subsp. voburnensis]]
** [[Mammillaria voburnensis subsp. eichlamii]]
* [[Mammillaria wagneriana]]
* [[Mammillaria weingartiana]]
* '''[[Mammillaria wiesingeri]]'''
** [[Mammillaria wiesingeri subsp. wiesingeri]]
** [[Mammillaria wiesingeri subsp. apamensis]]
* '''[[Mammillaria winterae]]'''
** [[Mammillaria winterae subsp. winterae]]
** [[Mammillaria winterae subsp. aramberri]]
* '''[[Mammillaria wrightii]]'''
** [[Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wrightii]]
** [[Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wilcoxii]]
* '''[[Mammillaria xaltianguensis]]'''
** [[Mammillaria xaltianguensis subsp. xaltianguensis]]
** [[Mammillaria xaltianguensis subsp. bambusiphila]]
* [[Mammillaria zeilmanniana]]
* [[Mammillaria zephyranthoides]]
* [[Mammillaria zeyeriana]]
* [[Mammillaria zopilotensis]]
* [[Mammillaria zublerae]]


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==

Latest revision as of 07:43, 10 April 2026

Mammillaria
File:Mammillaria hahniana.jpg
Kingdom Plantae
Family Cactaceae
Subfamily Cactoideae
Tribe Cacteae
SubTribe
Genus Mammillaria
Species
Notes Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The largest and most popular genus in the family Cactaceae.

Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin mammilla (nipple or teat), referring to the characteristic tubercles (mammillae) that cover the plant's body instead of ribs.

Description

Mammillaria is the most diverse and widely cultivated genus of cacti. It is defined by several unique morphological features that distinguish it from all other members of the tribe Cacteae.

Morphological Key Features

  • Tubercles (Mammillae): The plant body is covered in spirally arranged tubercles rather than ribs. These are organized in mathematical patterns (Fibonacci sequences).
  • Dimorphic Areoles: The areole is split into two distinct parts:
    • The Apex (Tip): Bears the spines.
    • The Axil (Base): Located between the tubercles, this is where flowers, fruits, and new offsets (branches) emerge.
  • Floral Ring: Flowers typically appear in a circular "crown" around the previous year's growth, rather than from the very top of the plant.
  • Sap: Species are often categorized by their sap:
    • Hydrochyle: With watery sap (mostly desert species).
    • Galactochyle: With milky latex (often more robust, mountain species).

Habitat and Ecology

Mammillarias are found in a vast range of environments—from coastal plains and limestone deserts to high-altitude pine forests. They have evolved incredible survival mechanisms, such as dense wool or hooked spines for protection and camouflage.

Distribution

  • Primary Center of Diversity: Mexico.
  • Extending to: Southwestern USA, Caribbean, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Classification by Joël Lodé

Following the taxonomy of Joël Lodé (2015), the genus is maintained in a broad sense but strictly organized. Lodé recognizes **160 Species** and **149 Subspecies**.

Species and Subspecies List

Note: Species with recognized subspecies are in bold.

Taxonomy

Lodé rejects the extreme splitting of the genus but also excludes certain groups like Mammilloydia and Cochemiea (partially) based on modern molecular phylogenetics which show they are distinct lineages. His work in Volume 2 (pp. 6-111) remains the most comprehensive modern treatment of the genus.