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| {{Taxobox
| | '''Escobaria''' is a formerly recognized genus of cacti, now included in ''Pelecyphora'' according to recent phylogenetic studies. |
| | name = Escobaria
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| | image = Escobaria_tuberculosa.jpg
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| | kingdom = [[Plantae]]
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| | family = [[Cactaceae]]
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| | subfamily = [[Cactoideae]]
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| | tribe = [[Cacteae]]
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| | genus = '''Escobaria'''
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| | authority = Britton & Rose (1923) [cite: 1020]
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| | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Lodé treats this genus in a restricted sense, maintaining [[Neobesseya]] as separate. [cite: 1021]
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| }}
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| == Etymology ==
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| The genus is named in honor of the Mexican brothers Romulo and Numa Escobar, founders of the Escuela Particular de Agricultura. [cite: 1020]
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| == Description ==
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| '''Escobaria''' consists of small, low-growing plants that are either solitary or form compact clumps. [cite: 1020] | |
| * '''Stems:''' Globose to cylindrical, without ribs. [cite: 1020]
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| * '''Tubercles:''' Well-defined and characterized by a longitudinal groove. [cite: 1020]
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| * '''Spines:''' Usually short and finely acicular, often completely covering the plant body. [cite: 1020]
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| * '''Flowers:''' Diurnal and self-sterile, appearing at or near the apex. [cite: 1020] They feature a short floral tube and ciliate outer perianth segments. [cite: 1020] Colors range from pink, magenta, and purple to rarely yellowish. [cite: 1020]
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| * '''Fruits:''' Globose or elongated, usually red but sometimes pink or green. [cite: 1020]
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| * '''Seeds:''' Subglobose, dull blackish-brown or light brown, and foveolate (pitted). [cite: 1020]
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| == Habitat ==
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| Escobaria species grow on various substrates, predominantly rocky or alluvial soils. [cite: 1021] They are found in rock crevices, grasslands, and on hilly reliefs at altitudes ranging from 800 m to 2650 m. [cite: 1021]
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| == Distribution ==
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| Extends from Canada through the United States into Northern Mexico: [cite: 1021]
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| * '''Canada:''' Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. [cite: 1021]
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| * '''Mexico:''' Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora. [cite: 1021]
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| * '''USA:''' Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wyoming. [cite: 1021]
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| == Species ==
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| Lodé (2015) recognizes 9 species and several subspecies in the strict sense: [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria albicolumnaria]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria alversonii]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria chihuahuensis]] [cite: 1021]
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| ** [[Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. henricksonii]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria desertii]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria hesteri]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria laredoi]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria sneedii]] [cite: 1021]
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| ** [[Escobaria sneedii subsp. leei]] [cite: 1021]
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| ** [[Escobaria sneedii subsp. orcuttii]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria tuberculosa]] [cite: 1021]
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| * [[Escobaria vivipara]] [cite: 1021]
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| == Taxonomy ==
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| The limits of the genus are still debated. [cite: 1020] Molecular studies by Vázquez-Sánchez et al. (2013) suggest that ''Escobaria'' is polyphyletic, with some species being more closely related to ''Pelecyphora''. [cite: 1021] Lodé maintains the genus provisionally until further molecular data clarifies its position within the tribe '''Cacteae'''. [cite: 1021]
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| [[Category:Cactaceae]]
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| [[Category:Cactoideae]]
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| [[Category:Cacteae]]
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Escobaria is a formerly recognized genus of cacti, now included in Pelecyphora according to recent phylogenetic studies.
