Echinocereus

From M&J Cactus Wiki
Revision as of 17:23, 3 April 2026 by Badmin (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Taxobox | name = Echinocereus | image = Echinocereus_rigidissimus.jpg | kingdom = Plantae | family = Cactaceae | subfamily = Cactoideae | tribe = Phyllocacteae | subtribe = Echinocereinae | genus = '''Echinocereus''' | notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Includes ''Wilcoxia'', excludes ''Morangaya''. }} == Etymology == The name comes from the Greek ''echinos'' (hedgehog) and the Latin ''cereus'' (candle), referring to the spiny, often cyli...")
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Echinocereus
File:Echinocereus rigidissimus.jpg
Kingdom Plantae
Family Cactaceae
Subfamily Cactoideae
Tribe Phyllocacteae
SubTribe Echinocereinae
Genus Echinocereus
Species
Notes Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). Includes Wilcoxia, excludes Morangaya.

Etymology

The name comes from the Greek echinos (hedgehog) and the Latin cereus (candle), referring to the spiny, often cylindrical stems.

Description

Echinocereus consists of low, bushy plants that can be solitary or branched, sometimes forming massive, dense cushions.

  • Stems: Globose to cylindrical, ribbed, with fibrous or tuberous roots (especially in former Wilcoxia species).
  • Flowers: Diurnal, ranging from small to quite large, and always self-sterile. A key identifying feature is that the floral tube and pericarpel are covered with spines, bristles, and occasionally wool. Colors are vivid: pink, magenta, red-purple, yellow, green-yellow, brown, or rarely white. Most species have **distinctive green stigmas**. Pollination is mostly by bees and hummingbirds, rarely by bats.
  • Fruits: Globose to egg-shaped, juicy and spiny. The spines often fall off when the fruit is fully ripe. They are longitudinally dehiscent or indehiscent.
  • Seeds: Broadly ovate, tuberculate, and dull black. Dispersal is often carried out by lizards (**saurochory**).


Habitat

Extremely diverse due to its wide range: from sea-level coastal areas (receiving sea spray) to high-altitude mountains at 2700 m. They grow in pine and oak woodlands, prairies, deserts, and on rocky cliffs. They are frequently found on limestone, but also on volcanic tuffs, granite, and sandy soils.

Distribution

  • Mexico: Widely distributed across nearly all northern and central states (Aguascalientes, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Zacatecas, etc.).
  • USA: Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming.

Species and Subspecies

Joël Lodé recognizes 67 species and 46 subspecies:

Natural Hybrids

Notes

  • Phylogenetic position: While often placed in Pachycereeae, Lodé maintains its position within the tribe Phyllocacteae (subtribe Echinocereinae) based on chromosomal and molecular data.
  • Wilcoxia: Biochemical and molecular studies (Arias et al., 2005) confirm that species previously belonging to Wilcoxia (like E. poselgeri) are nested within Echinocereus.
  • Morangaya: DNA analysis shows that E. pensilis is distinct and belongs to the genus Morangaya.