2025

Classification of Cactaceae (McGinnie et al., 2025)

The following hierarchical structure reflects the revised classification based on phylogenomic analysis of nuclear genes[cite: 4, 12, 106]. Paraphyletic taxa are indicated with an asterisk (*)[cite: 714].

• Subfamily Leuenbergerioideae [cite: 15, 701]
  • Leuenbergeria [cite: 715, 857]

• Subfamily Pereskioideae [cite: 15, 701]
  • Pereskia [cite: 715, 872]

• Subfamily Opuntioideae [cite: 15, 407, 701]
  • Tribe Opuntieae [cite: 16, 407, 715]
    • Airampoa, Brasiliopuntia, Consolea, Miqueliopuntia, Opuntia, Salmonopuntia, Tacinga [cite: 715, 903-910]
  • Tribe Cylindropuntieae [cite: 16, 407, 715]
    • Cylindropuntia, Grusonia, Micropuntia, Pereskiopsis, Quiabentia [cite: 715, 936-941]
  • Tribe Pterocacteae [cite: 16, 407, 715]
    • Austrocylindropuntia, Cumulopuntia, Maihueniopsis, Pterocactus, Tephrocactus [cite: 715, 959-963]

• Subfamily Maihuenioideae [cite: 15, 701, 985]
  • Maihuenia [cite: 715, 986]

• Subfamily Blossfeldioideae [cite: 15, 505, 701]
  • Blossfeldia [cite: 715, 993]

• Subfamily Cactoideae [cite: 15, 701, 1000]
  • Tribe Lymanbensonieae [cite: 16, 715, 808]
    • Calymmanthium, Lymanbensonia [cite: 715, 1019-1020]
  • Tribe Copiapoeae [cite: 16, 715, 811]
    • Copiapoa [cite: 715, 1035]
  • Tribe Cacteae [cite: 16, 715, 1044]
    • Subtribe *Echinocactinae [cite: 16, 715, 819]
      • Astrophytum, Aztekium, Echinocactus, Geohintonia, Sclerocactus [cite: 715, 1057-1059]
    • Subtribe Ferocactinae [cite: 16, 715, 1067]
      • Ferocactus, Glandulicactus, Kroenleinia, Leuchtenbergia, Stenocactus, Thelocactus [cite: 715, 1071-1074]
    • Subtribe Cactinae [cite: 16, 715, 1082]
      • Acharagma, Ariocarpus, Cochemiea, Coryphantha, Cumarinia, Epithelantha, Escobaria, Kadenicarpus, Lophophora, Mammillaria, Mammilloydia, Neolloydia, Obregonia, Oehmea, Ortegocactus, Pediocactus, Pelecyphora, Rapicactus, Strombocactus, Turbinicarpus [cite: 715, 1086-1107]
  • Tribe Phyllocacteae [cite: 16, 715, 1163]
    • Subtribe *Corryocactinae [cite: 16, 715, 823]
      • Austrocactus, Brachycereus, Corryocactus, Eulychnia, Jasminocereus, Neoraimondia, Pfeiffera, Strophocactus [cite: 715, 1171-1180]
    • Subtribe Leptocereinae [cite: 16, 715, 825]
      • Armatocereus, Castellanosia, Leptocereus [cite: 715, 1212-1213]
    • Subtribe Hylocereinae [cite: 16, 715, 828]
      • Acanthocereus, Aporocactus, Disocactus, Epiphyllum, Hylocereus, Kimnachia, Pseudorhipsalis, Selenicereus, Weberocereus [cite: 715, 1231-1238]
    • Subtribe Echinocereinae [cite: 16, 715, 830]
      • Backebergia, Bergerocactus, Carnegiea, Cephalocereus, Echinocereus, Escontria, Isolatocereus, Lemaireocereus, Lophocereus, Marginatocereus, Marshallocereus, Myrtillocactus, Nyctocereus, Pachycereus, Peniocereus, Polaskia, Pterocereus, Stenocereus [cite: 715, 1285-1307, 1330-1335]
  • Tribe Fraileeae [cite: 16, 715, 815]
    • Frailea [cite: 715, 1351]
  • Tribe Rhipsalideae [cite: 16, 715, 1357]
    • Hatiora, Lepismium, Rhipsalidopsis, Rhipsalis, Schlumbergera [cite: 715, 1359-1362]
  • Tribe Notocacteae [cite: 16, 715, 1378]
    • Eriosyce, Neowerdermannia, Parodia, Yavia [cite: 715, 1381-1387]
  • Tribe Cereeae [cite: 16, 715, 1403]
    • Subtribe Uebelmanniinae [cite: 715, 1430]
      • Uebelmannia [cite: 715, 1433]
    • Subtribe Aylosterinae [cite: 16, 715, 1437]
      • Aylostera [cite: 715, 1439]
    • Subtribe Rebutiinae [cite: 16, 715, 1450]
      • Browningia, Rebutia, Weingartia [cite: 715, 1454-1456]
    • Subtribe Gymnocalyciinae [cite: 16, 715, 1464]
      • Gymnocalycium [cite: 715, 1466]
    • Subtribe Cereinae [cite: 16, 715, 1476]
      • Arrojadoa, Brasilicereus, Cereus, Cipocereus, Coleocephalocereus, Discocactus, Espostoopsis, Facheiroa, Floribunda, Lagenosocereus, Leocereus, Melocactus, Micranthocereus, Pierrebraunia, Pilosocereus, Praecereus, Siccobaccatus, Stephanocereus, Stetsonia, Xiquexique [cite: 722, 1529-1544]
    • Subtribe Reicheocactinae [cite: 16, 715, 1588]
      • Reicheocactus [cite: 715, 1591]
    • Subtribe Trichocereinae [cite: 16, 715, 1596]
      • Acanthocalycium, Arthrocereus, Borzicactus, Cephalocleistocactus, Cleistocactus, Cremnocereus, Denmoza, Echinopsis, Espostoa, Haageocereus, Harrisia, Lasiocereus, Leucostele, Matucana, Mila, Oreocereus, Oroya, Pygmaeocereus, Rauhocereus, Samaipaticereus, Setiechinopsis, Vatricania, Weberbauerocereus, Winterocereus, Yungasocereus [cite: 722, 1633-1634, 1644-1647, 1656-1662, 1676-1686]