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42. CORYNOPUNTIA F. Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth (Opuntioideae-Cylindropuntieae)
{{Taxobox
Vol. 1 Taxonomy of the Cactaceae 173
| name = Corynopuntia
Kaktus ABC, 114(1935) (1)
| image = Corynopuntia_clavata.jpg
C orynopuntia clavata C oryn o p u n tia m aren ae
| kingdom = [[Plantae]]
minimum / maximum altitude range (m)
| family = [[Cactaceae]]
5000
| subfamily = [[Opuntioideae]]
4500
| tribe = [[Cylindropuntieae]]
4000
| genus = '''Corynopuntia'''
3500
| authority = F.M. Knuth (1935)
3000
| notes = Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The genus is treated in the strict sense (s.s.) and accepted as distinct from ''Grusonia''.
2500
}}
2000
 
1500
== Etymology ==
1000
The name means "club Opuntia", referring to the characteristic club-shaped stem segments.
500
 
• ETYMOLOGY
== Description ==
"Club-Opuntia", referring to the typical club-shaped stems of the species in this genus.
'''Corynopuntia''' is a genus of dwarf, bushy, low-growing cacti forming dense clumps.
• DESCRIPTION
 
A genus of dwarf, bushy and low-growing plants, densely branched, with shortly cylindrical to clavate small segments,
* '''Habit''': Compact, densely branched plants.
tuberculate and not ribbed. Spines having a sheath only at the apex, one is usually sturdier, angulate and flattened,
* '''Stems''': Short, cylindrical to clavate segments, tuberculate, not ribbed.
sometimes with a bulbous base. Glochids are present.
* '''Areoles''': Bearing glochids and spines.
Flowers diurnal, self-sterile, funnel-shaped, mostly light yellow, more rarely white (C. marenae) or red (C. guccinii),
* '''Spines''': Often with a sheath at the apex; one spine usually stronger, flattened or angled, sometimes with a bulbous base.
pollinated by insects, especially diptera and hymenoptera. Fruits not very spiny, fleshy at the beginning, then drying.
* '''Flowers''': Diurnal, funnel-shaped, usually yellow, more rarely white or red; pollinated by insects.
Seeds large, flattened to suborbicular or more or less oblong, straw-coloured.
* '''Fruits''': Initially fleshy, later drying.
• COMMENTS
* '''Seeds''': Large, flattened to suborbicular, straw-coloured.
In his work "The Cactus Family, 2001", Anderson included all species of the genus Corynopuntia in Grusonia and thus
 
returned the latter paraphyletic. In 2002, Griffith brought forward morphological, geographical and molecular evidence
== Habitat ==
on the genus Grusonia s.l. and proposed the reinstatement of Grusonia s.s., Corynopuntia and Micropuntia. The
The genus occurs in arid desert environments, including the Mojave and Chihuahua deserts, in shrublands (matorral), rocky outcrops, alluvial plains, dunes, and limestone soils.
proposition was partially accepted in 2006 in the New Cactus Lexicon, although Micropuntia still remains included -
 
with some doubts! - in Corynopuntia.
Altitude range: from sea level up to about 2500 m.
There is nevertheless a shadow of a doubt on Corynopuntia (ex Marenopuntia) marenae, but in his phylogenetic tree,
 
Griffith (2002) included this taxon within Corynopuntia sensu Knuth (1935). In 2009, Griffith & Porter confirmed the
Plants often grow among shrubs and are used by small animals as protection from predators.
study of 2002 and maintained Grusonia s.s., Corynopuntia and Micropuntia as distinct and valid genera.
 
Finally, the cladogram of Bàrcenas et al. (2011) confirmed that Marenopuntia belongs to the genus Corynopuntia.
== Distribution ==
An excellent work on this little studied genus was made by D. Donati & C. Zanovello (2010, 2011, 2012). According to
* '''North America''':
them, C. reflexispina would only be a form of C. marenae, a fact which is reflected in this work. They also point out
Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas),
that C. bulbispina subsp. bulbispina is frequently confused with C. agglomerata (in the New Cactus Lexicon, the photo
United States (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas)
of C. bulbispina is in fact C. agglomerata).
 
The genus Corynopuntia s.s. is considered correct.
== Taxonomy ==
currently 17 recognised species + one subspecies:
The genus ''Corynopuntia'' was established by F.M. Knuth (1935).
□ Corynopuntia aggeria* (Ralston & Hilsenb.) M.P.Griff. 2002
 
□ Corynopuntia agglomerata (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth 1935
Its taxonomic status has been debated. Some authors included it within ''Grusonia'', resulting in a paraphyletic concept. Later studies (Griffith 2002; Griffith & Porter 2009; Bàrcenas et al. 2011) support the recognition of ''Corynopuntia'', ''Grusonia'', and ''Micropuntia'' as distinct genera.
□ Corynopuntia bulbispina* Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
 
□ Corynopuntia bulbispina subsp. basileocephala D.Donati 2011
The genus corresponds partly to the former ''Marenopuntia'', now included within ''Corynopuntia''.
Corynopuntia
 
174 Taxonomy of the Cactaceae Vol. 1
According to Joël Lodé (2015), ''Corynopuntia sensu stricto'' is a valid and distinct genus.
□ Corynopuntia clavata* (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
 
□ Corynopuntia emoryi* (Engelm.) Griffith 2002
== Species ==
□ Corynopuntia grahamii* (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth 1935
Following the classification of Joël Lodé (2015).
□ Corynopuntia guccinii D.Donati 2010
 
□ Corynopuntia invicta* (Brandegee) F.M.Knuth 1935
* [[Corynopuntia aggeria]]
□ Corynopuntia kunzei* (Rose) Griffith 2002
* [[Corynopuntia agglomerata]]
□ Corynopuntia marenae* (Parsons) Griffith 2002
* [[Corynopuntia bulbispina]]
□ Corynopuntia moelleri(A.Berger) F.M.Knuth 1935
** [[Corynopuntia bulbispina subsp. basileocephala]]
□ Corynopuntia nigrispina D.Donati 2012
* [[Corynopuntia clavata]]
□ Corynopuntia parishii* (Orcutt) F.M.Knuth 1935
* [[Corynopuntia emoryi]]
□ Corynopuntia reflexispina (Wiggins & Rollins) Backeb. 1958
* [[Corynopuntia grahamii]]
□ Corynopuntia robertsii (Rebman) L. G. Bulot & J. M. Solichon 2009
* [[Corynopuntia guccinii]]
□ Corynopuntia schottii* (Engelm .) F.M.Knuth 1935
* [[Corynopuntia invicta]]
□ Corynopuntia vilis* (Rose) F.M.Knuth 1935
* [[Corynopuntia kunzei]]
• HABITAT
* [[Corynopuntia marenae]]
The genus Corynopuntia grows in northern Mexico and southern United States, in the deserts of Mojave and
* [[Corynopuntia moelleri]]
Chihuahua, practically from sea level up to 2500 m in altitude, always in very dry areas, the matorral, consisting of
* [[Corynopuntia nigrispina]]
xerophytic plants, among bushes, in cracks of rocky outcrops at foothills, on open, gravelly or clayish-sandy alluvial
* [[Corynopuntia parishii]]
plains, plateaus, valleys, sometimes on oxidized, muddy, sandy or rocky limestone sedimentary soils, old stabilized
* [[Corynopuntia reflexispina]]
dunes, together with cacti and other succulents. Plants are often used by several rodents and lizards as a protection
* [[Corynopuntia robertsii]]
against predators.
* [[Corynopuntia schottii]]
• DISTRIBUTION
* [[Corynopuntia vilis]]
Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo-León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona,
 
California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas).
== Notes ==
* The genus includes highly variable taxa, with some forms difficult to delimit.
* ''Corynopuntia reflexispina'' is sometimes considered a form of ''C. marenae''.
* Species such as ''C. bulbispina'' are often confused with ''C. agglomerata'' in horticulture and literature.
* The genus represents a distinct lineage of dwarf opuntioid cacti adapted to desert environments.
 
[[Category:Cactaceae]]
[[Category:Opuntioideae]]
[[Category:Cylindropuntieae]]
[[Category:Corynopuntia]]

Latest revision as of 07:35, 17 April 2026

Corynopuntia
File:Corynopuntia clavata.jpg
Kingdom Plantae
Family Cactaceae
Subfamily Opuntioideae
Tribe Cylindropuntieae
SubTribe
Genus Corynopuntia
Species
Notes Taxonomy follows Joël Lodé (2015). The genus is treated in the strict sense (s.s.) and accepted as distinct from Grusonia.

Etymology

The name means "club Opuntia", referring to the characteristic club-shaped stem segments.

Description

Corynopuntia is a genus of dwarf, bushy, low-growing cacti forming dense clumps.

  • Habit: Compact, densely branched plants.
  • Stems: Short, cylindrical to clavate segments, tuberculate, not ribbed.
  • Areoles: Bearing glochids and spines.
  • Spines: Often with a sheath at the apex; one spine usually stronger, flattened or angled, sometimes with a bulbous base.
  • Flowers: Diurnal, funnel-shaped, usually yellow, more rarely white or red; pollinated by insects.
  • Fruits: Initially fleshy, later drying.
  • Seeds: Large, flattened to suborbicular, straw-coloured.

Habitat

The genus occurs in arid desert environments, including the Mojave and Chihuahua deserts, in shrublands (matorral), rocky outcrops, alluvial plains, dunes, and limestone soils.

Altitude range: from sea level up to about 2500 m.

Plants often grow among shrubs and are used by small animals as protection from predators.

Distribution

  • North America:

Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Zacatecas), United States (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas)

Taxonomy

The genus Corynopuntia was established by F.M. Knuth (1935).

Its taxonomic status has been debated. Some authors included it within Grusonia, resulting in a paraphyletic concept. Later studies (Griffith 2002; Griffith & Porter 2009; Bàrcenas et al. 2011) support the recognition of Corynopuntia, Grusonia, and Micropuntia as distinct genera.

The genus corresponds partly to the former Marenopuntia, now included within Corynopuntia.

According to Joël Lodé (2015), Corynopuntia sensu stricto is a valid and distinct genus.

Species

Following the classification of Joël Lodé (2015).

Notes

  • The genus includes highly variable taxa, with some forms difficult to delimit.
  • Corynopuntia reflexispina is sometimes considered a form of C. marenae.
  • Species such as C. bulbispina are often confused with C. agglomerata in horticulture and literature.
  • The genus represents a distinct lineage of dwarf opuntioid cacti adapted to desert environments.
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